5月中旬，稠（重）油大幅度提高采收率及绿色转型发展研讨会暨第二十二届“五省（市、区）”稠油开采技术研讨会在辽河油田举行。本次会议聚焦“创新驱动新质生产力，引领稠油产业高质量发展”主题，深入研讨稠油提高采收率及绿色低碳开发的新技术、新方法、新路径，给稠（重）油行业高质量发展指明了方向。

In mid-May, a symposium on significantly enhancing the recovery rate of heavy oil and the green transformation and development, as well as the 22nd "Five Provinces (Municipalities and Districts)" Heavy Oil Production Technology Seminar, was held in Liaohe Oilfield. This conference focused on the theme of "Innovative-driven new productive forces to lead the high-quality development of the heavy oil industry", and deeply discussed new technologies, new methods, and new paths for enhancing the recovery rate of heavy oil and green and low-carbon development. It pointed out the direction for the high-quality development of the heavy (heavy oil) industry.

扛稳国家能源安全的稠油之“重”

Bear firmly the heavy burden of national energy security - the heavy crude oil.

稠油又被称为重油。稠油之“重”，不仅体现在其密度大、黏度高，更体现在保障国家能源安全之“重”、上下游产业链稳健发展之“重”上。

Heavy oil is also known as "dense oil". The "density" of heavy oil is not only reflected in its high density and viscosity, but also in its significance for ensuring national energy security and the stable development of the upstream and downstream industrial chains.

国家能源稠（重）油开采研发中心副主任，辽河油田公司副总经理、总地质师户昶昊表示，稠油是保障能源安全、支撑高端化工、夯实国防军工、稳定基建民生的战略储备，是支撑工业体系自主可控的“关键底盘”。

Hu Zanghao, the deputy director of the National Energy Heavy Oil Extraction Research Center and the vice general manager and chief geologist of Liaohe Oilfield Company, stated that heavy oil is a strategic reserve that ensures energy security, supports high-end chemical industries, strengthens national defense and military industries, and stabilizes infrastructure and people's livelihoods. It is the "key foundation" that supports the independent control of the industrial system.

新疆油田、辽河油田产出的高环烷基稠油是炼制高等级变压器油、航空煤油、耐极寒机油等高端特种油不可或缺的原料，保持稠油稳产上产对保障国家能源与产业链安全至关重要。

The high naphthenic heavy oil produced by Xinjiang Oilfield and Liaohe Oilfield is an indispensable raw material for the refining of high-grade transformer oil, aviation kerosene, and extremely cold-resistant engine oil, among other high-end special oils. Maintaining stable and increased production of heavy oil is of vital importance for ensuring the security of the country's energy and industrial chain.

与会专家学者表示，稠油的价值算的不仅是经济账，而且是能源安全账、战略账。

The experts and scholars present at the meeting stated that the value of heavy oil is not only calculated in economic terms, but also in terms of energy security and strategic considerations.

辽河油田勘探开发研究院总地质师尚策表示，稠（重）油开发在当前世界能源格局下，引起了越来越多的重视。虽然稠油资源十分丰富，但探明和采出程度仍处于较低水平。

Shang Ce, the chief geologist of the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Liaohe Oilfield, stated that the development of heavy oil (or viscous oil) has received increasing attention in the current global energy landscape. Although the resources of heavy oil are abundant, the degree of exploration and extraction remains at a relatively low level.

数据显示，全球的原油资源中，稠油占比大于70%。目前，稠油日产量约130万吨，约占世界原油总产量的10%。

The data shows that among the global crude oil resources, the proportion of heavy oil is over 70%. Currently, the daily output of heavy oil is approximately 1.3 million tons, accounting for about 10% of the world's total crude oil production.

2025年，我国石油对外依存度超过了70%。同时，地缘冲突对能源保供形成新的挑战。我国稠油资源总量居世界第4，但年产量仅占原油总产量的10%左右，稠油稳产上产对提高能源自给率有着重大意义。

In 2025, China's dependence on imported oil exceeded 70%. At the same time, geopolitical conflicts have presented new challenges to energy supply security. China ranks fourth in the world in terms of total reserves of heavy oil, but its annual production accounts for only about 10% of the total crude oil output. Stable and increased production of heavy oil is of great significance for enhancing energy self-sufficiency.

“要进一步提高政治站位，攻关原创性、领先性、先进性、引领性、适用性的稠油开发技术，支撑稠油长期稳产上产，保障国家能源安全。”中国工程院院士袁士义表示。

"We must further enhance our political stance and strive to develop cutting-edge, original, advanced, leading and applicable technologies for heavy oil exploitation, in order to support the long-term stable and increased production of heavy oil and ensure national energy security," said Yuan Shiyi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

加速技术迭代升级破解稠油之“愁”

Accelerate technological iteration and upgrading to solve the "problems" of heavy oil

我国稠油产量主要集中在辽河、新疆、胜利、渤海等油田。尽管资源丰富，但开发难度日益加大。

The production of heavy oil in our country is mainly concentrated in oil fields such as Liaohe, Xinjiang, Shengli and Bohai. Although the resources are abundant, the development difficulty is increasing day by day.

从“难动用”走向“高效用”，如何破解稠油之“愁”？

From "difficult to utilize" to "highly efficient utilization", how to solve the "problems" of heavy oil?

我国海上稠油热采起步晚、后劲足，2025年产量超500万吨。我国成为全球首个实现海上稠油规模化热采开发的国家。

The development of thermal oil recovery technology for heavy oil in our country started late but has great potential. By 2025, the output will exceed 5 million tons. China has become the first country in the world to achieve large-scale thermal oil recovery development in the offshore area.

陆上稠油方面，我国上世纪50年代便开展了热采开发试验，80年代进入规模开发阶段。国家稠（重）油开采研发中心在中深层稠油蒸汽驱、SAGD、火驱等领域实现突破，Ⅰ类吞吐区块采收率提高到30%，SAGD采收率达到75%，蒸汽驱采收率提升至65%。

In the field of heavy oil on land, China began conducting thermal recovery development experiments in the 1950s and entered the stage of large-scale development in the 1980s. The National Research Center for Heavy (Heavy Crude Oil) Extraction has achieved breakthroughs in deep-layer heavy oil steam drive, SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage), and fire drive technologies. The recovery rate of Class I production blocks has increased to 30%, the recovery rate of SAGD has reached 75%, and the recovery rate of steam drive has risen to 65%.

胜利油田未动用储量原油黏度增高，油层厚度变薄，开发动用难度增大；河南油田普通稠油储量占比低，高周期吞吐后继续单井吞吐进一步提高采收率幅度小……

The unextracted reserves of oil in Shengli Oilfield have increased in viscosity, and the thickness of the oil layers has decreased, making the development and extraction more difficult; the proportion of ordinary heavy oil reserves in Henan Oilfield is low, and after high-cycle pumping, further single-well pumping to continue will have a relatively small increase in recovery rate.

西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院副院长、国家能源稠（重）油开采技术委员会委员蒋琪指出，各油气田在稠油热采中普遍存在的问题是，稠油油藏类型多样，原油黏度和埋深变化大，现有商业化开采技术与高效开采需求存在差距，持续提高稠油采收率需要加速技术迭代升级。

Jiang Qi, the vice dean of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering College of Southwest Petroleum University and a member of the National Energy Committee for Heavy (Residual) Oil Extraction, pointed out that the common problems encountered in heavy oil thermal recovery in various oil fields are as follows: The types of heavy oil reservoirs are diverse, with significant variations in crude oil viscosity and burial depth. The existing commercial extraction technologies fall short of the requirements for efficient extraction, and continuous improvement of heavy oil recovery rate requires accelerating technological iteration and upgrading.

“稠油老区仍然是进一步提高采收率的‘基本盘’，转换方式是重要方向之一。”新疆油田企业高级专家郑爱萍表示。该油田不断突破浅层稠油SAGD、蒸汽驱开发技术界限，采收率由吞吐的30%提高至60%—65%。第一代蒸汽吞吐热采区块需要向蒸汽驱、SAGD等方式转换。SAGD与“电气剂”耦合后，采收率可提高10到15个百分点。蒸汽驱通过井网重组、多介质复合等手段，进一步提高采收率。

"Deep oil fields remain the 'core' for further enhancing recovery rates, and the transformation approach is one of the important directions," said Zheng Aiping, a senior expert from Xinjiang Oilfield Enterprise. The oilfield has continuously broken through the technical boundaries of shallow-layer heavy oil SAGD and steam drive development methods, increasing the recovery rate from 30% during production to 60% - 65%. The first-generation steam flooding thermal production blocks need to be transformed to steam drive and SAGD methods. After coupling with "electrolytes", the recovery rate can be increased by 10 to 15 percentage points. Steam drive improves recovery rates through measures such as well network reorganization and multi-medium combination.

西南石油大学副教授赵峰表示，常规稠油主要根据流体黏度进行分类，然后制定开发策略。现在稠油开发需要更加精细化的划分，针对薄层、厚层、浅层、深层等不同油藏类型，寻找更加适配的开发方式。

Zha Feng, an associate professor at Southwest Petroleum University, stated that conventional heavy oil is mainly classified based on fluid viscosity, and then development strategies are formulated. Currently, heavy oil development requires more refined division. For different types of oil reservoirs such as thin layers, thick layers, shallow layers, and deep layers, more suitable development methods need to be sought.

“埋藏更深、油品更稠、物性更差的剩余储量，需通过新一代技术攻关释放油藏潜力。”尚策表示。辽河油田开展了1500米深层SAGD、20万厘泊蒸汽驱、1000厘泊冷采替代等技术研究，迭代升级稠油大幅提高采收率技术V2.0，取得了热采注入介质由单一转向多元、蒸汽驱转驱对象由低黏转向高黏等多项突破。

"The remaining reserves that are buried deeper, have thicker oil and poorer physical properties need to be unlocked by applying new-generation technologies to tap the potential of the oil reservoirs," Shang Ce said. Liaohe Oilfield has conducted research on technologies such as 1,500-meter deep SAGD, 200,000厘泊 steam drive， and 1，000厘泊 cold production， and has iteratively upgraded the technology for significantly increasing the recovery rate of heavy oil to V2.0. It has achieved several breakthroughs， including the shift from a single injection medium to multiple ones in thermal recovery， and the change of the steam drive target from low viscosity to high viscosity.

稠油必须展现绿色转型新作为

Heavy oil must demonstrate new achievements in the green transformation process.

目前，稠油的开发方式以注蒸汽热采为主，具有能耗高、碳排放高的特点。“双碳”目标下，稠油减排降碳压力增大，但着眼保障国家能源安全、降低对外依存度，又必须持续稳产上产。

At present, the main development method for heavy oil is steam injection thermal recovery, which has the characteristics of high energy consumption and high carbon emissions. Under the "dual carbon" target, the pressure for reducing carbon emissions from heavy oil is increasing. However, in order to ensure national energy security and reduce dependence on imports, it is necessary to maintain stable and increased production of heavy oil.

绿色转型成为稠油开发的必然选择。与会专家也形成了一系列共识——加快稠油与绿电、储能的深度融合，推广电加热替代蒸汽技术；规模化推进CCUS与热采尾气循环利用，加快碳捕集装置建设，打造零碳示范工程……

Green transformation has become the inevitable choice for heavy oil development. The experts present at the meeting also reached a series of consensus - accelerate the deep integration of heavy oil with green electricity and energy storage, promote the substitution of steam heating with electric heating technology; promote the large-scale implementation of CCUS and the recycling of thermal recovery tail gas, accelerate the construction of carbon capture facilities, and create zero-carbon demonstration projects.

“稠油冷采和高温热采技术之间，存在巨大的创新空间。”蒋琪表示。各油气田也共享了“碳”路向未来的思考与实践。

"There is a vast space for innovation between the technologies of heavy oil cooling extraction and high-temperature thermal extraction," Jiang Qi said. Each oil and gas field has also shared the thinking and practice of "taking a carbon-based path towards the future".

稠油热采燃料主要为天然气，天然气也是碳排放的主要来源，因此，替“气”便成为行业的共同选择。

The main fuel for heavy oil thermal recovery is natural gas. Natural gas is also a major source of carbon emissions. Therefore, replacing "gas" has become a common choice in the industry.

新疆油田在用能端攻关扩大“电—剂—汽耦合规模”等技术，创新稠油EOR+新能源融合新路径。在供能端，通过地面高温光热、“绿电+谷电+电蓄热锅炉”等多能耦合，“立体”代替天然气。辽河油田加快以剂代“汽”、以电代“气”等步伐，15兆瓦电热熔盐储热蒸汽发生装置、井下大功率电加热装置建设等取得突破性进展，蒸汽、氮气、二氧化碳、调剖剂多元复合升级推动吨油碳排由1.2吨下降至0.75吨。

The Xinjiang Oilfield is conducting research and development on technologies such as expanding the "electricity - agent - gas coupling scale" in the energy consumption sector, and innovating new paths for the integration of heavy oil EOR and new energy. In the supply sector, through multi-energy coupling such as ground high-temperature solar thermal energy, "green electricity + off-peak electricity + electric heat storage boiler", the "three-dimensional" approach replaces natural gas. Liaohe Oilfield is accelerating the pace of replacing "gas" with "agents" and "electricity" instead of "gas", and has achieved breakthrough progress in the construction of 15-megawatt electric heat molten salt thermal storage steam generation devices and downhole high-power electric heating devices. The upgrading of steam, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and well control agent multi-composite has driven the carbon emission per ton of oil to decrease from 1.2 tons to 0.75 tons.

从“碳包袱”到“碳资产”，转型未来可期。吉林油田建成国内首个、亚洲最大的全产业链CCUS国家级示范工程，其技术成果在长庆、吐哈、新疆等油田广泛应用。辽河油田积极攻关火驱与CCUS协同开发和伴生气回注技术，建成了国内首座百万立方米火驱伴生气捕集站，同时，创新火驱二氧化碳与CCUS共轭、火驱氮气与SAGD复合的2种开发模式，实现了尾气的高效资源化利用。

From "carbon burden" to "carbon assets", the transformation holds great promise for the future. Jilin Oilfield has built the first and largest national-level demonstration project of the entire-chain CCUS in China, and its technical achievements have been widely applied in oilfields such as Changqing, Tuohe, and Xinjiang. Liaohe Oilfield has actively explored the collaborative development of fire drive and CCUS, as well as the technology of associated gas injection. It has built the first million-cubic-meter fire drive associated gas capture station in China.

给稠油降“温”，高效冷采技术稳步推进。经过多年攻关，胜利油田形成了针对不同类型稠油油藏的化学降黏开采技术系列，并且实现了工业化应用。西安石油大学教授陈刚提出了建立“稠油—水—醇”的富氢反应体系，制备外源与内源复合催化剂，实现稠油低温高效降黏的策略。

To reduce the temperature of heavy oil, the efficient cold production technology is advancing steadily. After years of research and development, Shengli Oilfield has formed a series of chemical viscosity reduction production technologies suitable for different types of heavy oil reservoirs, and has achieved industrial application. Professor Chen Gang from Xi'an Petroleum University proposed to establish a "heavy oil - water - alcohol" hydrogen-rich reaction system, prepare exogenous and endogenous composite catalysts, and realize the low-temperature and efficient viscosity reduction of heavy oil.

“‘双碳’目标下，稠油行业必须展现出应有的作为。”袁士义对国家能源稠（重）油开采研发中心提出期望。

"Under the 'dual carbon' goal, the heavy oil industry must demonstrate its due responsibilities." Yuan Shiyi expressed his expectations for the National Energy Heavy (Heavy Crude) Oil Extraction Research Center.