9月12日，长庆油田阳平6井的日产油量达到4.7吨。而一年前，这口已生产10余年的老井，日产量还只有2.8吨。为配合附近新井压裂，它还曾主动停井38天，少产油105.1吨。

On September 12th, the daily oil output of Yangping No. 6 well in Changqing Oilfield reached 4.7 tons. A year ago, this well, which had been in production for over 10 years, had a daily output of only 2.8 tons. To facilitate the fracturing of nearby new wells, it even voluntarily shut down for 38 days, resulting in a reduction of 105.1 tons of oil production.

“在页岩油老区开发的传统观念里，这是一笔不折不扣的‘负账’。”长庆油田勘探开发研究院页岩油研究所技术人员黄天镜说。但这笔账，在复产后被改写——阳平6井日产油最高升至11.6吨，截至9月12日，累计增油1042.5吨，扣除停井损失，净增937.4吨。

“In the traditional mindset of shale oil development in old production areas, this was a definite ‘loss’,” said Huang Tianjing, a technician from the Shale Oil Research Institute of the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield. But this account was rewritten after the restart – the daily output of oil at Yangping 6 well reached a peak of 11.6 tons. As of September 12th, the cumulative increase in oil production was 1,042.5 tons. After deducting the loss due to well shutdowns, the net increase was 937.4 tons.

相似的变化也发生在阳平7井。停井110天，少产油186.7吨；恢复后日产油最高由1.7吨升至6.7吨，累计净增油670吨。

Similar changes also occurred at Yangping No. 7 well. The well was shut down for 110 days, resulting in a reduction of 186.7 tons of oil production. After resuming production, the maximum daily oil output increased from 1.7 tons to 6.7 tons, with a cumulative net increase of 670 tons of oil.

两口老井借着附近新井投产的“东风”，多采出超1600吨油——相当于一口高产井大半年的产量。

Thanks to the "advantage" brought by the newly-operated well nearby, the two old wells extracted over 1,600 tons of oil - equivalent to the output of a high-yield well for an entire year.

“新井达标投产在意料之中，老井跟着‘搭车增产’，才是我们更关注的。”黄天镜说。截至目前，新老井一体化模式已在长庆油田页岩油老区12个平台落地，涉及新井21口、老井26口。协同作用期内，在几乎不增加边际投入的情况下，老井净增产量达4000吨。

"New wells reaching the production standard and old wells 'piggybacking' on the production increase are what we expected. What we are more concerned about is this." Huang Tianjing said. As of now, the integrated model of new and old wells has been implemented on 12 platforms in the shale oil production area of Changqing Oilfield, involving 21 new wells and 26 old wells. During the collaborative period, without increasing marginal investment, the net production of the old wells increased by 4,000 tons.

长庆油田勘探开发研究院页岩油开发高级专家安小平说：“本质上，这是用新井的‘势’，带活了老井的‘量’，走出了一条页岩油老区存量变低成本增量的新路。”

An Xiaoping, a senior expert in shale oil development at the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield, said: "In essence, this is using the 'potential' of new wells to boost the 'quantity' of old wells, and has pioneered a new path for transforming the existing reserves in shale oil areas into lower-cost incremental production."

重识油藏:老井标定剩余储量

Re-discovering Reservoirs: Re-calibrating Remaining Reserves of Old Wells

长庆油田页岩油规模开发初期，受地质认识和工程条件所限，部分区域水平井井距被拉大到600米至1000米。如今，随着对地下认识不断深入，技术人员有了更加清晰的认识——实际裂缝扩展范围，并没有早期预计的那么大。

In the early stage of large-scale shale oil development in the Changqing Oilfield, due to limitations in geological understanding and engineering conditions, the well spacing of horizontal wells in some areas was increased to 600 meters to 1,000 meters. Now, as the understanding of the underground environment has deepened, technicians have a clearer understanding - the actual crack expansion range is not as large as initially estimated.

“压裂就像在地下撑开裂缝网，能‘够到’的范围有限。过去井距大，两口井之间很大一片油层没被动用。”黄天镜指着早期的井位部署图说，“现在优化井距，缩减到300米至350米，让相邻两口井压开的裂缝刚好接上，把中间‘漏掉’的储量重新圈进来。”

"Fracturing is like spreading a network of cracks underground, but the reachable area is limited. In the past, the well spacing was large, and a large area of oil layer between two wells was not exploited." Huang Tianjing pointed to the early well placement map and said, "Now we optimize the well spacing and reduce it to 300 meters to 350 meters. So that the fractures opened by the two adjacent wells just connect with each other, and the reserves that were 'missed' in the middle are re-included."

西233区就是一个典型。重新梳理井网和剩余储量后，仅平面井间，就“藏着”8.6平方公里327万吨剩余储量，面积相当于1200个标准足球场。

The 233th area is a typical example. After reorganizing the well network and assessing the remaining reserves, just within the planar distance between wells, there are "hidden" 8.6 square kilometers of 327 million tons of remaining reserves. This area is equivalent to 1,200 standard football fields.

老井多年的生产动态资料，也成为判断储量动用程度、分析井间响应的重要参考。“老井不是包袱，是‘路标’。它开发十几年留下的每一条曲线，都在告诉我们地下哪里还有油。”在华H92平台的老井动态分析会上，黄天镜指着阳平6井的返排曲线说。

The production data of the old wells over the years have also become an important reference for judging the degree of oil reserves being utilized and analyzing the responses between wells. "The old wells are not a burden; they are 'signposts'. Every curve left by their development over a dozen years is telling us where there is still oil underground." At the dynamic analysis meeting of the old wells on the H92 platform in China, Huang Tianjing pointed to the flowback curve of Yangping 6 well and said.

筛选也因此有了条件。生产时间较长、仍有稳定产量，动用程度与地震预测存在差异的老井，更容易进入下一步研究范围。华H92平台就是这样被重新部署的。在阳平6井、阳平7井等老井控制区域附近，华H92平台新部署了6口页岩油水平井。“地面上，它们分属不同井场；地下，却共同指向过去没有充分动用的储量空间。”黄天镜说。

Selection criteria have thus been established. Older wells that have a longer production period, maintain a stable output, and have a different utilization level from earthquake prediction are more likely to be included in the next research scope. The Huah92 platform was thus redeployed in this way. Near the control areas of old wells such as Yangping 6 Well and Yangping 7 Well, the Huah92 platform newly deployed 6 horizontal shale oil wells. "On the surface, they belong to different well fields; underground, however, they all point to the previously underutilized storage space," Huang Tianjing said.

过去井间的空当，如今成为新的建产阵地。

The areas that were once empty between the wells have now become new production sites.

重算效益：协同摊薄增量成本

Re-calculated benefits: Synergistic reduction of incremental costs

华H92平台新部署的水平井投产后，初期单井日产油达11吨以上。截至9月12日，华H92-3井日产油达11.1吨、累计产油达到2368吨。华H92-4井日产油达10.9吨、累计产油达到3106吨。

After the new horizontal wells deployed on the H92 platform were put into production, the daily oil output of each well reached over 11 tons in the initial stage. As of September 12th, the H92-3 well produced 11.1 tons of oil per day and had a cumulative oil output of 2,368 tons. The H92-4 well produced 10.9 tons of oil per day and had a cumulative oil output of 3,106 tons.

长庆油田页岩油开发分公司地质工艺研究中心主任王骁睿指着屏幕上的井组示意图说：“我们现在评价效果，不能只看一口新井，要看整个井组最后多采出了多少油。”

Wang Xiaorui, the director of the Geology and Process Research Center of the Shale Oil Development Branch of Changqing Oilfield, pointed at the well group schematic diagram on the screen and said: "When we eva luate the results, we cannot only focus on a single new well, but should also consider how much oil was ultimately extracted from the entire well group."

更值得算的是另外一笔账。

It is more worthwhile to consider another account.

在阳平6井、阳平7井增产过程中，没有实施补孔、复压、转注等常规增产措施。华H92平台6口新井单井投资与同期同类水平井投资基本相当。

During the process of increasing production at Well Yangping 6 and Well Yangping 7, no conventional measures such as re-drilling, re-pressurization, or transfer injection were implemented. The single-well investment of the 6 new wells on the Huah92 platform was basically the same as that of similar horizontal wells in the same period.

“低成本就低在这里。”黄天镜解释道，“新井本来就要建，老井没有再上一套大的增产措施。过去算单井账，这笔投资只对应新井的产量；现在算井组账，同样的投资总量，额外撬动了老井的存量产量，整体摊薄了吨油增量成本。”

"The low cost lies here." Huang Tianjing explained. "The new well was definitely going to be constructed. The old well did not implement any additional major production enhancement measures. In the past, we calculated the investment based on individual wells, and this investment only corresponded to the output of the new well. Now, when we calculate by well groups, the same total investment has unlocked the existing production capacity of the old well, thereby reducing the overall cost per ton of oil increment."

新井压裂，就像在地下“造缝扩容”，会消耗大量能量；而两口老井提前关井焖井，就像给地下“蓄水蓄能”，让压力场重新平衡。等能量置换完成，老井再开井，就能借助新井带来的压力变化，把以前采不出的油“顶”出来。

Shenjing fracturing is like "creating fractures to expand capacity" underground, which consumes a large amount of energy. On the other hand, shutting down and depressurizing two old wells in advance is like "storing water and energy underground", allowing the pressure field to rebalance. Once the energy exchange is completed, the old wells can be reopened. Then, by taking advantage of the pressure changes brought by the new well, the previously unextractable oil can be "pumped out".

黄天镜打了个比方：“新井怎么压、老井什么时候开关，被放到一个井组里统筹考虑，像下一盘棋，步步都要算准。”

Huang Tianjing gave an analogy: "How to operate the new wells and when to turn on/off the old wells are all considered together within a single well group. It's like playing a game of chess, where every move must be calculated precisely."

过去，为尽量降低施工对老井的影响，新井部署往往更多寻找相对独立的剩余空间。如今，随着地下认识越来越清楚，技术人员开始敢于向老井之间过去“不敢碰、看不清”的储量空间要产量。

In the past, in an effort to minimize the impact of construction on existing wells, the deployment of new wells often focused more on finding relatively independent remaining spaces. Nowadays, as our understanding of the underground environment has become increasingly clear, technicians are beginning to dare to extract production from the storage spaces between old wells that were previously "off-limits" and "unclear".

重划边界：井距并非越近越好

Redrawing boundaries: Well spacing is not necessarily better when it is closer together.

华H92平台只是一个切面。把视野从井间拉开，剩余油远不只一种形态。

The H92 platform is merely a slice of the picture. Expanding our perspective beyond the wells, we can see that the remaining oil exists in far more than one form.

在西233等页岩油老区，剩余储量像散落的珍珠，分布在平台之间、纵向层间、压裂段间和区块边部。以西233区为例，梳理出的各类剩余储量区域面积达152.8平方公里，涉及储量5566万吨——相当于一个中型油田的探明储量规模。

In the old shale oil areas such as West 233, the remaining reserves are like scattered pearls, distributed among platforms, vertically between layers, between fracturing sections, and along the boundaries of blocks. Taking the West 233 area as an example, the various remaining reserve areas identified cover an area of 152.8 square kilometers, involving reserves of 556.6 million tons - equivalent to the proven reserve scale of a medium-sized oil field.

剩余油在哪里，开发方式就跟到哪里。

Where the remaining oil is located, that's where the development method will be applied.

“常规水平井是‘直来直去’，但遇到这种狭窄弯曲的储层，就得‘拐个弯’。”陇东油气开发分公司页岩油产能建设项目组主任冷先刚指着华H192-4井的弧形井眼轨迹说，“这口井完钻水平段1096米，油层钻遇率达到88.4%，地下‘穿针引线’为老井之间那些以前够不着的剩余油找到了新出路。”

"Conventional horizontal wells are straightforward, but when encountering such narrow and curved reservoirs, one has to 'make a turn'." Ling Xianggang, the director of the shale oil production capacity construction project team of Longdong Oil and Gas Development Company, pointed out at the arc-shaped wellbore trajectory of Well H192-4. "This well has a total horizontal section length of 1,096 meters, and the oil layer encounter rate reaches 88.4%. Underground 'threading and connecting' has found new ways for the remaining oil that was previously inaccessible between old wells."

这种“新老一体”的协同方式，正在更多页岩油老区铺开。数据显示，仅2025年新实施的9个平台中，部分井组相邻老井增油幅度达到2倍以上。

This "new and old integrated" collaborative approach is being adopted in more shale oil production areas. Data shows that among the 9 newly implemented platforms in 2025, the oil production of some adjacent old wells increased by more than twice compared to before.

“这种模式有适用条件。剩余油要相对富集，断裂不能太发育，新老井之间还要有合适的井间关系。”安小平坦言，“地下条件不合适，硬把新井和老井凑在一起，不仅很难形成有效协同，而且可能带来新的生产风险。”

This model has certain applicable conditions. The remaining oil needs to be relatively concentrated, the fractures should not be overly developed, and there must be appropriate inter-well relationships between the new and old wells. Anshao Ping admitted, "If the underground conditions are not suitable and we force the new wells and the old wells to be placed together, not only will it be difficult to achieve effective synergy, but it may also bring new production risks."

压窜，是新老井协同必须面对的另一面。新井压裂形成的人工裂缝一旦与老井过度沟通，就可能导致老井含水上升、生产受扰。黄天镜的办公桌上摊着一张三维地震剖面图，红蓝交错的色带标注着裂缝走向。“这也是我们严格把控井距的核心原因。”他用笔沿着裂缝走向划过，“既要保证地层能量有效传导，又要防止压裂水窜干扰老井正常生产。”

Perforation is another aspect that both new and old wells must confront. Once the artificial fractures formed by the fracturing of the new well communicate excessively with the old well, it may lead to an increase in water content in the old well and disruption of production. Huang Tianjing had a three-dimensional seismic profile diagram on his desk, with red and blue alternating color bands indicating the direction of the fractures. "This is also the core reason why we strictly control the well spacing," he said, using a pen to trace the direction of the fractures. "We need to ensure the effective transmission of formation energy while preventing the water injection from the fracturing process from interfering with the normal production of the old well."

“对于条件适宜的老井，后续将逐步实施针对性措施，进一步释放存量资源潜力，把低成本增量的空间再拓一步。”这是安小平对长庆页岩油老区下一步挖潜方向的勾勒。让“单井独奏”变“井组交响”，页岩油老区效益开发的破局之路，在统筹新老协同、深挖存量潜力中延伸。

"For wells that are in suitable conditions, targeted measures will be gradually implemented to further unlock the potential of the existing resources and expand the space for low-cost incremental production." This is the outline provided by An Xiaoping on the direction for further potential exploration in the old shale oil areas of Changqing. Transforming "single-well solo performance" into "group orchestration", the breakthrough path for the efficient development of shale oil old areas is extended through the coordination of new and old resources and the deep exploration of existing potential.