77天，钻穿8500米！这是8月16日，塔里木油田玉科10井交出的成绩单。而在5年前，要达到同样的深度，需斥巨资钻探至少近1年。

77 days, drilling through 8,500 meters! This is the report card of the Yuke 10 well in the Tarim Oilfield on August 16th. Five years ago, to achieve the same depth, it would have required an investment of a huge amount of money and at least one year of drilling.

今年前7个月，塔里木油田已钻成19口8000米以深井，超深层油气产量占比突破60%。当地层温度超过200摄氏度，压力堪比万米海沟，岩石硬度足以崩坏金刚石钻头，井下工具材料极易失效，破岩效率大幅衰减，各类井下复杂状况频发，每向下一米都要付出巨大代价。因此，石油行业有一条公认的“铁律”：井越深，周期越长，投入越高，三者环环相扣、相互牵制。塔里木人通过持续创新，破题这个“不可能三角”，闯出一条高质量勘探开发之路。

In the first seven months of this year, the Tarim Oilfield has drilled 19 wells with a depth of 8,000 meters or more. The output of ultra-deep oil and gas has exceeded 60%. When the layer temperature exceeds 200 degrees Celsius, the pressure is comparable to that of a 10,000-meter deep ocean trench, and the hardness of the rock is sufficient to break the diamond drill bit. The materials of the downhole tools are prone to failure, the rock-breaking efficiency significantly decreases, and various complex situations in the wellbore occur frequently. Every additional meter down requires a huge cost. Therefore, there is a well-known "iron law" in the petroleum industry: the deeper the well, the longer the cycle, the higher the investment, and the three factors are interrelated and mutually restrictive. The people of Tarim have broken through this "impossible triangle" through continuous innovation and have blazed a path of high-quality exploration and development.

破困局：把钻井周期压到不足百天

Breaking the deadlock: Shortening the drilling cycle to less than 100 days

翻阅塔里木油田的钻井台账，5年前，钻成一口8000米级超深井，平均耗时超过300天；如今，这个时间已被压缩到不足百天。提速的背后，是创新带来的蝶变。

By reviewing the drilling records of the Tarim Oilfield, it can be seen that five years ago, a 8,000-meter ultra-deep well was drilled, with an average duration of over 300 days. Now, this time has been reduced to less than 100 days. The acceleration is the result of the transformation brought about by innovation.

过去，业内对超深井钻探有个常用计算公式，即井深每增加1000米，钻井周期往往延长30%以上；一旦突破8000米，周期增幅将陡增至70%以上。

In the past, there was a commonly used calculation formula in the industry for ultra-deep well drilling: for every 1,000 meters increase in well depth, the drilling cycle would typically extend by more than 30%; once the depth exceeded 8,000 meters, the cycle increase would sharply rise to over 70%.

如何突破“井越深周期越长”的困局？长期困扰油田的难题，由地质工程一体化率先撕开突破口。过去是盲人摸象，现在是地质先行引路、工程落地执行，通过前期对地质认识的不断深化，提前预警地下岩性变化与风险复杂，指导钻头破岩深入。塔里木油田油气工艺研究院钻井研究部主任李宁说：“有了地质‘领航’，哪里存在工程风险、怎样钻进最安全高效，在开钻之初就心中有数。”

How to break through the predicament of "the deeper the well, the longer the cycle"? This long-standing problem plaguing oil fields has been cracked open by the integration of geological engineering. In the past, it was like blind men touching an elephant; now, geological exploration leads the way and engineering implementation follows. Through continuous deepening of the geological understanding in the early stage, risks and complexity of underground rock formations can be predicted in advance, guiding the drill bit to break through the rock and drill deeper. Li Ning, the director of the Drilling Research Department of the Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield, said: "With geological 'guidance', at the beginning of the drilling, we already know where there are engineering risks and how to drill in the safest and most efficient way."

塔里木油田油气工艺研究院院长冯少波表示：“产量要稳住，钻井要快上。快是硬道理，如果快不起来，储量就变不成产量。”

Feng Shaobo, the director of the Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield, said: "The production must be stabilized, and drilling must be accelerated. Speed is crucial. If we can't speed up, the reserves won't be converted into production."

为了“快”，塔里木油田推行24小时不过夜决策机制；打破专业壁垒，选拔业务骨干担任井长，并配置地质、工程等研究人员作为副井长，为每口井组建“1+N”专业化管理团队。塔里木油田开发事业部副经理、安全总监申彪介绍：“过去遇到问题要层层上报、跨部门协调，现在以井长为枢纽，直线对接各方，决策效率大幅提升。”

To achieve "speed", the Tarim Oilfield has implemented a 24-hour no-night decision-making mechanism; it has broken down professional barriers, selected business experts to serve as wellhead managers, and assigned geological and engineering researchers as deputy wellhead managers to form a "1+N" specialized management team for each well. Shen Biao, the deputy manager of the Development Department and the safety director of the Tarim Oilfield, explained: "In the past, when encountering problems, we had to report them layer by layer and coordinate across departments. Now, with the wellhead manager as the hub, we have direct connections with all parties, and the decision-making efficiency has significantly improved."

今年，轮古903-H3仅用6天便打穿5000米岩层；满深702-H6井以71.1天完钻8193米，刷新我国陆上四开次8000米以深井最快完钻纪录。李宁感慨：“只要敢于创新，井再深也挡不住我们的脚步。”

This year, the Wenggu 903-H3 well drilled through 5,000 meters of rock in just 6 days; the Man Sheng 702-H6 well completed drilling to a depth of 8,193 meters in 71.1 days, breaking the record for the fastest completion of a four-stage 8,000-meter deep well in China's onshore area. Li Ning said with amazement: "As long as we dare to innovate, no matter how deep the well is, it can't stop our progress."

算细账：井深增加，成本“逆势下降”

Calculating the details: As the well depth increases, the cost "declines contrary to expectations"

一深带万难，更带来高昂的钻探成本。在石油工程的逻辑里，深度往往等同于复杂度，直接推高钻探成本。

It is extremely challenging and also leads to high drilling costs. In the logic of petroleum engineering, depth is often equated with complexity, thereby directly increasing the drilling costs.

“超8000米的深地无人区，设备材料损耗更高，人力投入更大，事故风险也成倍增加。”塔里木油田开发事业部钻完井工程部副主任陈毅坦言，“我们试图通过‘堆材料’换效率，结果单井成本超支了。”

"Working in an area over 8,000 meters deep, with no human presence, the equipment and materials suffer greater wear and tear, and the manpower investment is much higher. The risk of accidents also increases exponentially." Chen Yi, the deputy director of the Drilling and Completion Engineering Department of the Development Division of Tarim Oilfield, admitted, "We attempted to increase efficiency by 'stacking materials', but the cost of each well exceeded the budget."

如何平衡“深度”与“效益”的天平？申彪认为，让钻探又快又省，既需技术沉淀，也需理念革新。今年，一份打磨多年的组合固化、参数强化、趟钻优化、中完简化、泥浆量化“五化”钻探模式，被写进各区块钻井提速指南。

How to strike a balance between "depth" and "efficiency"? Shen Biao believes that achieving both rapid drilling and cost savings requires not only technological refinement but also innovative concepts. This year, a drilling model that has been refined over many years, including solidification of the combination, enhancement of parameters, optimization of tripping operations, simplification of intermediate completions, and quantification of mud, was incorporated into the drilling speed-up guidelines for each block.

渤海钻探塔里木钻井分公司70036钻井队平台经理郭晓飞展示了一组对比数据，该队承钻的2口井平均机械钻速提升26.1%，相当于每天多打进尺80多米。钻井周期缩短，直接带动单井综合成本有效压降。

Guo Xiaofei, the platform manager of the 70036 drilling team of Bohai Drilling Tarim Drilling Company, presented a set of comparative data. The average mechanical drilling rate of the two wells drilled by this team was increased by 26.1%, which is equivalent to drilling an additional 80 meters per day. The drilling cycle was shortened, directly leading to a significant reduction in the overall cost per well.

“真正的效益来自观念的转变，优化资源配置，消除无效作业和非生产时间。”塔里木油田开发事业部计划经营部主任卓世虎说，在地质认识成熟的区块，塔里木油田推进“一趟钻”工程，以最少的起下钻次数打最多的进尺，让钻头少“跑冤枉路”；优化井身结构设计，进一步精简固井程序，缩短建井周期，并减少套管等材料的用量；破除泥浆“宁多勿少”的陈规，建立泥浆性能实时监测与智能调配体系，让每一滴泥浆都发挥应有的作用。

"The real benefits come from the transformation of concepts, optimizing resource allocation, eliminating ineffective operations and non-productive time." Zhuo Shihu, the director of the Planning and Operations Department of the Tarim Oilfield Development Division, said. In blocks where geological understanding is mature, the Tarim Oilfield is promoting the "one trip drilling" project, aiming to achieve the maximum drilling length with the minimum number of drilling trips, so that the drill bit can avoid unnecessary detours; optimizing the wellbore structure design, further simplifying the cementing procedures, shortening the well construction cycle, and reducing the usage of casing and other materials; breaking the old rule that "more mud is better", and establishing a real-time monitoring and intelligent调配system for mud performance， so that every drop of mud can play its due role.

“这些措施不是偷工减料，而是基于地质工程认识的‘瘦身健体’。”塔里木油田油气工艺研究院钻井研究部副主任王孝亮解释。

"These measures are not shortcuts; rather, they are a 'slimming and strengthening' based on geological engineering knowledge," explained Wang Xiaoliang, deputy director of the Drilling Research Department of the Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield.

“既能提速又能省钱，这就是创新的价值所在。”卓世虎亮出提质增效报表：上半年，塔里木油田平均单井成本同比下降9.3%，在井深不断增加的情况下，实现成本“逆势下降”。

"Both speeding up and saving costs - this is where the value of innovation lies." Zhuoshihu presented the report on improving efficiency and cost reduction: In the first half of the year, the average single-well cost of the Tarim Oilfield decreased by 9.3% year-on-year. Despite the continuous increase in well depth, the cost still achieved a "counter-cyclical reduction".

谋长远：从“打成一口”到“打成一片”

Think about the long-term: From "working together" to "working as a team"

一个宏大的命题摆在面前：万米井是一枝独秀，还是未来上产的新阵地？

A grand proposition lies before us: Is the 10,000-meter well a unique standout, or will it become a new production base in the future?

现实是，好找、易动用的常规高丰度资源和中浅层规模性资源所剩不多，主力油气藏陆续进入开发中后期，新发现油气藏埋深普遍超过8000米。“向深，是唯一的选择，但也意味着向难。”塔里木油田勘探开发研究院基础地质研究部副项目长孙崇浩表示，“深地塔科1井告诉我们，盆地深部蕴藏着巨大的资源潜力。难，恰恰说明值得去闯！”

The reality is that the readily accessible and easily exploitable conventional high-abundance resources and medium-shallow scale resources are becoming increasingly scarce. The main oil and gas reservoirs are gradually entering the middle and late stages of development, and the newly discovered oil and gas reservoirs generally have a burial depth exceeding 8,000 meters. "Going deeper is the only option, but it also means facing difficulties," said Sun Chonghao, deputy project leader of the Basic Geology Research Department of the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield. "The Shengdi-1 Well in the deep subsurface tells us that the deep part of the basin holds tremendous resource potential. Difficulties, precisely, indicate that it is worth exploring!"

但要让万米井从“打成一口”到“打成一片”，构造演化规律、储层保存机理、井身结构优化等，都是难啃的硬骨头。

However, to transform the 10,000-meter well from a single well to a network of wells, solving problems such as the formation evolution laws, reservoir preservation mechanisms, and optimization of wellbore structures are all extremely challenging tasks.

“若要推进万米井常态化，任何企业都难以承受长期高昂的投资。”塔里木油田油气工艺研究院副院长兼安全总监张志直言，“未来的万米，不在于创造更多的深度纪录，而在于能增产、有效益的常态化开发。”

"To make the 10,000-meter well drilling a regular practice, any enterprise would find it difficult to bear the long-term high investment costs," said Zhang Zhi, the deputy director and safety director of the Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield. "In the future, the 10,000-meter drilling is not about setting more depth records, but about achieving regular development that can increase production and be profitable."

地质人员从基础研究抓起，从地质风险、工程可行性、经济效益等多个维度开展万米目标方案论证。一批前沿技术正加快储备，聚焦耐超高温提速工具、钻井液与配套技术，锻造一批能应对极端井况的钻井装备。“实现万米井常态化，必然要求成本控制极致化。”张志表示。当前，经济型井身结构优化、低成本钻井液体系等系列研究正同步推进。

Geological experts start from basic research and conduct comprehensive argumentation on the 10,000-meter target plan from multiple dimensions such as geological risks, engineering feasibility, and economic benefits. A number of cutting-edge technologies are being accelerated for reserve, focusing on high-temperature-resistant speed-up tools, drilling fluids and related technologies, and forging a series of drilling equipment capable of coping with extreme well conditions. "Realizing the normalization of 10,000-meter wells will inevitably require extreme cost control," Zhang Zhi said. Currently, a series of studies such as the optimization of economic wellbore structures and low-cost drilling fluid systems are being carried out simultaneously.

“坚定不移推进万米井常态化工程，通过技术攻关在3至5年实现重大突破，率先在万米深地找到大场面、建成大油气田。”这是塔里木油田定下的目标。让“孤峰”变“群峦”，向地球深部进军的破局之路，就在探索无尽前沿、矢志创新攻坚中开拓。

"Unswervingly carry out the regularization project of wells over 10,000 meters. Through technological breakthroughs, a major breakthrough will be achieved within 3 to 5 years, and large-scale oil and gas fields will be discovered and established at depths of over 10,000 meters." This is the goal set by the Tarim Oilfield. The breakthrough path of transforming "isolated peaks" into "groups of mountains" and advancing towards the Earth's deep layers lies in exploring the endless frontiers and committing to innovative breakthroughs.