在鄂尔多斯盆地深处，致密油就像被层层叠压的千层饼——纵向上多油层发育，横向上变化快、含油性差异大。过去，长庆油田只能优先选择主力贡献层，通过水平井注水开发，结果是纵向上大部分储量处于“沉睡”状态，动用程度低，区块采收率难以提升。如何让这些“沉睡”的储量“醒”过来？长庆油田给出的答案是：立体开发——在地下织一张纵横交织的“网”，让致密油实现“叠层共舞”。

Deep within the Ordos Basin, tight oil is like a stack of layered pancakes - there are multiple oil layers vertically developed, and the horizontal variations are rapid with significant differences in oil content. In the past, the Changqing Oilfield could only prioritize the main contributing layers and develop them through horizontal well water injection. The result was that most of the reserves in the vertical direction were in a "dormant" state, with low utilization rates, and the block recovery rate was difficult to increase. How to awaken these "dormant" reserves? The Changqing Oilfield's solution is: three-dimensional development - weaving a "network" that interweaves horizontally and vertically underground, allowing tight oil to achieve "coordinated movement in layers".

6月初，长庆合水油田乐103扩井场，钻机轰鸣声渐息，最后一口水平井顺利完钻收官。这片致密油“沉睡”多年的地下空间，正被一张纵横交织的“开发网”彻底激活。

In early June, at the Le 103 expansion well site of the Heshui Oilfield in Changqing, the roar of the drilling rigs gradually subsided, and the last horizontal well was successfully completed and brought to a close. This underground space that had been "asleep" for many years is being completely activated by a network of "development lines" that crisscross.

“前期我们就像打点一样，只盯着主力层打水平井，大部分储量根本没动到。”在合水油田乐103扩井场，勘探开发研究院副院长李建霆指着眼前的钻机说，“我们做过测算，如果只动用主力层，这个区块的储量动用程度不到40%，其余60%的储量几乎就在‘睡觉’。”

"Initially, it was like a meticulous operation. We focused solely on the main layer to drill horizontal wells, and most of the reserves remained untouched." At the Le103 expansion well site in Heshui Oilfield, Li Jianting, the deputy director of the Exploration and Development Research Institute, pointed at the drilling rig and said, "We have conducted calculations. If we only utilized the main layer, the utilization rate of the reserves in this area would be less than 40%. The remaining 60% of the reserves are almost in a 'sleeping' state."

致密油藏纵向上多油层发育，但“多”并不意味着“易”。前期虽然优选主力贡献层，但注水开发后纵向上储量动用程度低，区块整体采收率提升陷入瓶颈，依靠单套层系开发的传统模式已无法有效解决层内动用不均衡、剩余储量盘活难的问题，传统单层开发思路的局限性持续凸显，难以满足区块高效稳产、效益开发的生产需求。

The tight oil reservoirs have multiple oil layers vertically, but "multiple" does not mean "easy". Although the main contributing layers were preferentially selected in the early stage, after water injection development, the utilization degree of reserves vertically is low, and the overall recovery rate of the block has reached a bottleneck. The traditional mode of relying on a single layer system for development is unable to effectively solve the problems of uneven utilization within the layers and the difficulty in revitalizing the remaining reserves. The limitations of the traditional single-layer development approach continue to become prominent, making it difficult to meet the production needs of efficient and stable production and high-efficiency development of the block.

怎么办？从“单层求索”转向“立体破局”。长庆油田勘探开发研究院致密油开发团队办公室的墙上挂着合水油田的立体开发规划图，技术骨干史书婷指着图上纵横交错的井位解释：“我们提出两种立体开发模式——新区同步和老区异步。

What should we do? From "single-layer exploration" to "three-dimensional breakthrough". The office of the tight oil development team at the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield has a three-dimensional development plan map of Heishui Oilfield on the wall. Technical expert Shi Shuting points to the crisscrossing well positions on the map and explains: "We have proposed two three-dimensional development models - simultaneous development in new areas and asynchronous development in old areas."

新区同步就是快打快上，多套油层同时部署水平井，实现‘一次性建成’；老区异步则是在已开发的区块，在纵向未动用层‘插空’加密，实现‘接力式动用’。”

In the new area, the strategy is to quickly start and expand, deploying horizontal wells simultaneously in multiple oil layers to achieve 'one-time completion'; in the old area, the approach is to 'interleave' and densify in the undrilled layers within the already developed blocks, achieving 'successive exploitation'."

“光有模式还不够，关键得让能量足起来。”现场技术人员易涛说。为此，团队推行“小水量温和注水”的超前注水技术，提前构建稳定压力驱替系统。他说：“就像给地层慢性‘滋补’，压力不能太大，也不能太小，要控制在合理范围。经过测算，我们把地层压力保持在原始压力的125%以上，既保证了驱替动力，又保持了充足的地层能量。”

"Having the model is not enough. What's crucial is to increase the energy level." said Yi Tao, a field technician. To achieve this, the team adopted the "low water volume and gentle injection" advanced water injection technology, building a stable pressure displacement system in advance. He said: "It's like providing a slow 'nourishment' to the formation. The pressure should not be too high or too low; it needs to be controlled within a reasonable range. After calculation, we maintained the formation pressure at over 125% of the original pressure, which not only ensured the displacement power but also maintained sufficient formation energy."

在储层改造环节，长庆油田的技术团队更是巧用匠心。通过“循环应力加载+多级暂堵”试验，增加裂缝带宽及复杂程度；同排油井采用“交错布缝+分段差异化强度”设计，避免裂缝叠合干扰。“以前压裂是‘大水漫灌’，效果不好。现在我们讲究‘精准滴灌’——每口井、每条缝都要量身定制，确保裂缝在地层中形成一张立体网络，而不是互相干扰的‘乱麻’。”现场施工负责人雷宇田说。

In the reservoir modification process, the technical team of Changqing Oilfield demonstrated remarkable ingenuity.

技术攻关有了，还要有制度来护航。

Once the technical breakthroughs are achieved, there must also be corresponding systems in place to provide support.

“我们建立了‘焖井时间、返排制度、采液强度、流饱比’等一系列优化图版，全部做成标准化模板，每个区块、每口井都可以对号入座。”勘探开发研究院油田产建研究所副所长刘建说，“这些图版看起来简单，背后是我们团队做了几百组试验、对比了几十口井的生产数据才总结出来的，目的是为致密油高效动用提供全方位、全流程的制度保障。”

"We have established a series of optimization charts including 'boiling well time, production return system, liquid extraction intensity, and flow saturation ratio', all of which have been transformed into standardized templates. Each block and each well can be precisely matched with the corresponding chart." Liu Jian, the deputy director of the Oilfield Production and Construction Research Institute of the Exploration and Development Research Institute, said, "These charts may seem simple on the surface, but they were derived through hundreds of experiments by our team and the comparison of production data from dozens of wells. The aim is to provide comprehensive and full-process institutional guarantees for the efficient exploitation of tight oil."

这种“细到毫厘”的制度保障，确保了每一口井都发挥最优产能。截至目前，合水油田三叠系新立体开发区水平井已完钻20口井，水平段长150米，投产8口井，单井日产油达4吨，展现出了良好的开发潜力。

This "meticulous" system guarantee ensures that each well operates at its optimal capacity. As of now, 20 horizontal wells in the new three-layered development area of the Huishui Oilfield in the Triassic strata have been completed, with a horizontal section length of 150 meters. Eight wells have been put into production, and each well can produce up to 4 tons of oil per day, demonstrating excellent development potential.

更值得关注的是，这种立体开发模式已经产生了“裂变效应”。

What is more worthy of attention is that this three-dimensional development model has already shown a "fission effect".

从长庆油田勘探开发研究院了解到，依托立体布井、能量保障、储层改造、生产制度4个关键环节的协同发力，长庆油田已建成合水、虎狼峁等4个致密油水平井整装立体开发区，总建产规模超过55万吨。百米水平段产油3吨以上，预测内部收益率达8%以上，形成了可复制、可推广的技术模式。

According to the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield, by leveraging the coordinated efforts of four key aspects - three-dimensional well layout, energy guarantee, reservoir modification, and production system - Changqing Oilfield has established four large-scale integrated horizontal well development zones for tight oil, including Hequshui and Hulangmao. The total production capacity exceeds 550,000 tons. The oil output per 100 meters of horizontal well section is over 3 tons, and the predicted internal rate of return is above 8%, forming a replicable and scalable technical model.

“致密油立体开发的成功，意味着我们找到了‘让所有油层都有机会发光’的开发路径。”油田产建研究所技术负责人孙栋说，“未来，这项技术还将复制推广到更多同类油藏，让‘三低’油气藏焕发新的生机。”

"The success of the three-dimensional development of tight oil means that we have found a development path that enables all oil layers to shine." Sun Dong, the technical director of the Oilfield Production and Construction Research Institute, said. "In the future, this technology will also be replicated and promoted to more similar oil reservoirs, bringing new vitality to 'low-quality' oil and gas reservoirs."

在乐103扩井场，随着最后一口水平井顺利完钻，新的立体开发区已初具规模。地下，一张纵横交织的“开发网”正在加速成形；地上，一套标准化、可复制的技术体系已经成形。

At the 103 expansion well site, with the successful completion of the last horizontal well, the new three-dimensional development area has begun to take shape. Underground, a "development network" that is intricately interwoven is accelerating its formation; above ground, a standardized and replicable technical system has taken form.

从“单层求索”到“立体破局”，长庆油田致密油开发正书写着从“资源沉睡”到“叠层共舞”的精彩篇章。这既是技术的突破，更是理念的跃升——致密油藏的潜力，远比想象的更大。

From "single-layer exploration" to "three-dimensional breakthrough", the development of tight oil in Changqing Oilfield is writing a splendid chapter from "resource dormancy" to "layered coexistence". This is not only a technological breakthrough, but also a leap in concepts - the potential of tight oil reservoirs is far greater than imagined.