近日，瑞典最大电力企业瓦滕法尔集团宣布，已选定英国罗尔斯—罗伊斯公司在瑞典西海岸建造3座小型模块化反应堆，总装机容量约1410兆瓦，年发电量约12太瓦时，约占瑞典全国年用电量8%。首台预计于2035年左右投运。这是瑞典40多年来首个新建核电项目，标志着核电建设正式重启。

Recently, the largest power company in Sweden, Vattenfall Group, announced that it has selected Rolls-Royce of the UK to build three small modular reactors on the west coast of Sweden. The total installed capacity is approximately 1410 megawatts, and the annual power generation is about 12 terawatt-hours, accounting for approximately 8% of Sweden's total annual electricity consumption. The first unit is expected to be put into operation around 2035. This is Sweden's first new nuclear power project in over 40 years, marking the official restart of nuclear power construction.

北欧部长理事会下属的北欧能源研究中心近期发布的报告预测，到本世纪中叶，北欧各国的电力需求将增长1.2至2.6倍。伴随全球地缘政治冲突引发能源危机，北欧多国核电复苏趋势明显。

The Nordic Energy Research Center, a subsidiary of the Nordic Council of Ministers, recently released a report predicting that by the middle of this century, the electricity demand in Nordic countries will increase by 1.2 to 2.6 times. In the face of the energy crisis triggered by global geopolitical conflicts, the trend of nuclear power recovery in many Nordic countries has become evident.

瑞典政府于2023年修改能源政策，结束了近40年对核电的限制性政策，取消全国最多10座反应堆的数量限制。2025年，瑞典根据《核安全公约》提交的第十次国家报告表示，瑞典正在改革新反应堆许可审批制度，完善核废料管理体系和应急准备机制，并已通过法案，建立核电投资融资和风险分担机制。瑞典气候与环境大臣罗米娜·普尔莫赫塔里表示，瑞典政府目前正采取全方位措施，在确保安全、安保及核保障的前提下，推动新反应堆的建设与投运。

In 2023, the Swedish government revised its energy policy, ending the restrictive policy on nuclear power that had been in place for nearly 40 years and removing the limit on the maximum number of reactors in the country, which was up to 10. In 2025, Sweden's tenth national report submitted in accordance with the Nuclear Safety Convention stated that Sweden was reforming the approval system for new reactors, improving the nuclear waste management system and emergency preparedness mechanism, and had passed a bill to establish a mechanism for nuclear power investment financing and risk sharing. Swedish Minister of Climate and Environment, Romina Poomhautari, said that the Swedish government is currently taking comprehensive measures to promote the construction and operation of new reactors while ensuring safety, security and nuclear safeguards.

丹麦目前在法律上禁止建设核电设施。2026年1月，丹麦气候、能源和公用事业部正式发布《新核能技术分析任务书》，聚焦新型核技术的技术成熟度、建设核电所需法律修改、核安全监管体系、放射性废物管理、人才以及核电接入丹麦能源系统后的评估等方面，将据此决定未来是否修改核电禁令。

Currently, Denmark legally prohibits the construction of nuclear power facilities. In January 2026, the Danish Department of Climate, Energy and Utilities officially released the "Task Book for the Analysis of New Nuclear Technologies", focusing on aspects such as the technological maturity of new nuclear technologies, legal amendments required for the construction of nuclear power plants, the nuclear safety regulatory system, radioactive waste management, human resources, and the assessment of the integration of nuclear power into Denmark's energy system. Based on this, a decision will be made on whether to modify the ban on nuclear power in the future.

挪威关于小型模块化反应堆的讨论也在升温。2022年成立的挪威核能公司提出了多个小型模块化反应堆设想。今年2月，挪威能源部正式批准挪威中部的工业园项目开展环境影响评价，这也是挪威商业核电站首次进入该阶段。

Discussions regarding small modular reactors in Norway are also heating up. The Norwegian Nuclear Energy Company, established in 2022, has proposed several concepts for small modular reactors. In February this year, the Norwegian Ministry of Energy officially approved the environmental impact assessment for the industrial park project in central Norway. This is the first time that a commercial nuclear power plant in Norway has reached this stage.

在技术路线方面，小型模块化反应堆因建设周期较短、单机容量小，适合工业场景，颇受北欧国家青睐。芬兰科创公司稳能推出的LDR—50反应堆二氧化碳排放量仅每千瓦时2.4克，是天然气燃料碳排放的0.85%、煤炭的0.47%。同时，该反应堆运行温度和压力远低于传统核电站，可建在地下，安全性也更有保障。目前，稳能公司已在芬兰达成15座反应堆的建设协议，正将业务拓展至瑞典、波兰和波罗的海国家。首座反应堆的建设预计最早于2029年启动。

In terms of technical routes, small modular reactors, due to their shorter construction period and smaller single-unit capacity, are suitable for industrial scenarios and are highly favored by Nordic countries. The Finnish start-up company Sten Energy has launched the LDR-50 reactor, which has a carbon emission of only 2.4 grams per kilowatt-hour. This is 0.85% of the carbon emission from natural gas fuel and 0.47% of that from coal. At the same time, the operating temperature and pressure of this reactor are much lower than those of traditional nuclear power plants, allowing it to be built underground, which also ensures greater safety. Currently, Sten Energy has reached a construction agreement for 15 reactors in Finland and is expanding its business to Sweden, Poland, and Baltic countries. The construction of the first reactor is expected to start as early as 2029.

北欧能源研究中心发布的报告显示，水电仍然是北欧国家主要的电力来源。风电和太阳能增长迅速，但是易受天气影响。对此，北欧国家正在建设“核电+可再生能源”的互补模式，瑞典国家电网电力系统相关负责人维多利亚·内曼表示，当前的电力需求越来越大，陆上风能和太阳能是目前见效最快、成本效益最高的替代方案，而核能和水力发电可以为电力系统提供长期容量、保障供电安全和增强其稳健性。芬兰核能协会执行董事哈里·瓦尔约宁认为，北欧国家重新关注核能并非短期的政策，而是对长期能源体系变革的回应。

A report released by the Nordic Energy Research Center indicates that hydropower remains the main source of electricity in Nordic countries. Wind power and solar energy have been growing rapidly, but they are vulnerable to weather conditions. In response to this, Nordic countries are building a complementary model of "nuclear power + renewable energy". Victoria Neman, the director of the Swedish National Grid Power System, said that the current electricity demand is increasing significantly. Onshore wind energy and solar energy are currently the fastest-acting and most cost-effective alternative solutions, while nuclear energy and hydropower can provide long-term capacity, ensure power supply security and enhance the stability of the power system. Harry Valjonen, the executive director of the Finnish Nuclear Energy Association, believes that the renewed focus on nuclear energy by Nordic countries is not a short-term policy, but a response to the long-term transformation of the energy system.