“你们管道局的试压作业标准很高，尤其是线路10区段那次试压，从流程到执行都非常规范，让人印象深刻。”5月21日，在坦桑尼亚旷野深处，管道局承建的东非原油外输管道项目2标段5区段试压作业现场，业主方2标段现场负责人皮特·博特斯（Pieter Botes）赞赏地说。

"The pressure test standards of your pipeline bureau are very high. Especially in the pressure test of the 10th section of the line, the process and execution were both very standardized, leaving a deep impression." On May 21st, deep in the Tanzanian wilderness, at the pressure test site of the 5th section of the 2nd segment of the East African crude oil export pipeline project constructed by the pipeline bureau, the on-site project manager of the 2nd segment of the owner, Pieter Botes, said with appreciation.

皮特口中的“10区段试压作业”，是指2月13日至5月8日期间在2标段10区段（LOT2 Spread10）KP854-KP868桩完成的段落试压作业。85天间，项目团队先后完成清管、上水、升压、稳压及强度试验等关键工序，最终实现2标段10区段全长125.34公里管道整体试压圆满收官。这条穿越东非大地的“钢铁动脉”，再次向实现全线贯通和后续投产目标迈出关键一步。

The "pressure test operation of the 10-section" mentioned by Peter refers to the pressure test operation carried out in Section 10 of the 2nd segment (LOT2 Spread10) from February 13th to May 8th. Over an 85-day period, the project team successively completed key procedures such as pigging, water supply, pressure increase, pressure stabilization, and strength tests. Finally, the overall pressure test of the 125.34-kilometer-long pipeline in Section 10 of the 2nd segment was successfully completed. This "steel artery" that crosses the East African continent has once again taken a crucial step towards achieving the full-line connection and subsequent production targets.

旱雨交替间迎试压大考

Facing the rigorous test of pressure under alternating dry and rainy conditions

作为东非地区规模最大的跨国能源基础设施项目，东非原油外输管道全长1539公里，连接乌干达油田与坦桑尼亚坦噶港，对推动区域能源合作和经济发展具有重要意义。其中2标段全长602公里，是全线施工距离最长、施工环境最复杂的标段之一，10区段则是整个2标段试压攻坚中的重点区域。

As the largest cross-border energy infrastructure project in the East African region, the East African Oil Pipeline has a total length of 1,539 kilometers, connecting the oil fields in Uganda to the Tanga Port in Tanzania. It is of great significance for promoting regional energy cooperation and economic development. Among them, the 2nd section is 602 kilometers long and is one of the sections with the longest construction distance and the most complex construction environment along the entire line. The 10th section is the key area for pressure testing and breakthrough in the entire 2nd section.

“‘试压’被称为长输管道建设中的‘终极大考’，是一项系统工程。”现场技术负责人韩春华说。

"The 'pressure test' is regarded as the 'ultimate exam' in the construction of long-distance pipelines, and it is a comprehensive project," said Han Chunhua, the on-site technical supervisor.

试压的具体做法是把已经焊接好的整条管道两头封死，向管道内注入空气或水，使管道内部达到一定压力后保持一段时间，同时密切关注管道内压力变化，确保全线没有漏点导致的泄压。

The specific procedure for conducting pressure testing is to seal both ends of the already welded pipeline, then inject air or water into the pipeline to create a certain internal pressure. This pressure should be maintained for a period of time, while closely monitoring the pressure changes within the pipeline to ensure that there are no leakage points causing pressure loss throughout the entire line.

二、三月的东非正值旱季和雨季交替阶段。白天气温持续攀升，钢管表面温度高得烫手；夜间气温骤降，设备运行状态不断发生变化。雨季来临后，道路泥泞，局部积水严重。此外，该区段沿线穿越村庄、林地等复杂地貌区域，部分区域交通条件较差，巡线和设备运输难度远超预期。

In February and March, East Africa is in the transitional period between the dry season and the rainy season. During the day, the temperature keeps rising, and the surface temperature of the steel pipes becomes so hot that it is scorching; at night, the temperature drops sharply, and the operating status of the equipment keeps changing. After the rainy season arrives, the roads become muddy and there is severe water accumulation in some areas. Moreover, this section passes through complex terrain areas such as villages and forests along the way. Some areas have poor transportation conditions, and the difficulty of line inspection and equipment transportation far exceeds expectations.

细微变化间辨安全风险

Detecting safety risks through subtle changes

5月2日凌晨1时17分，KP861试压值守点位，原图记录仪上的压力曲线突然出现异常波动。

At 1:17 a.m. on May 2nd, at the KP861 pressure test monitoring post, an abnormal fluctuation appeared on the pressure curve displayed on the original recorder.

当时，东非旷野夜间气温已降至16摄氏度左右。由于昼夜温差较大，管线介质会随着环境温度变化产生自然压降，但这一次，曲线斜率的细微变化还是让值守人员一下子警觉起来。

At that time, the nighttime temperature in the East African wilderness had dropped to around 16 degrees Celsius. Due to the large temperature difference between day and night, the pipeline medium would naturally experience pressure reduction as the environmental temperature changed. However, this time, the slight change in the slope of the curve also immediately alerted the on-duty personnel.

“先别急着下结论，把数据重新过一遍。”技术员杨旭盯着监测屏幕说。稳压阶段最怕的不是压力变化，而是无法准确判断压力变化背后的原因。很快，现场人员开始重新核对实时原图、历史曲线及环境温度数据，对压力变化趋势进行逐项复核。

"Don't rush to draw a conclusion yet. Review the data again." Technician Yang Xu said, staring at the monitoring screen. During the stabilization stage, the most worrying issue was not the pressure fluctuations themselves, but the inability to accurately determine the underlying causes of the pressure changes. Soon, the on-site personnel began to re-check the real-time original graphs, historical curves, and environmental temperature data, and conducted a detailed review of the pressure change trends item by item.

值守点内，杨旭一边记录参数，一边反复比对曲线变化。“试压阶段不能仅凭经验判断，必须靠数据说话。”杨旭说。在东非旷野的深夜里，每一个数据点的判读、每一次波动原因的排查，都严格遵循着中国管道试压的技术规范。

Inside the duty station, Yang Xu was recording parameters while repeatedly comparing the curve changes. "During the pressure test phase, one cannot rely solely on experience for judgment; it must be based on data," Yang Xu said. In the lonely night of the African wilderness, every data point was carefully interpreted and every fluctuation's cause was meticulously investigated, all strictly following the technical specifications for pipeline pressure tests in China.

随着时间的推移，压力曲线虽仍有波动，但整体处于正常温降范围内。结合高程变化和介质收缩规律等情况，团队逐步排除了泄漏风险。

Over time, although the pressure curve still fluctuated, it remained within the normal temperature drop range. Taking into account the elevation changes and the contraction laws of the medium, the team gradually ruled out the risk of leakage.

直到凌晨4时许，监测曲线重新恢复平稳。经过数小时复核，现场最终确认，此次波动是夜间气温骤降叠加仪表瞬时误差形成的假性压降，并非管线异常。

It was not until around 4 a.m. that the monitoring curve returned to a stable state. After several hours of re-examination, the site finally confirmed that this fluctuation was a false pressure drop caused by the sudden drop in nighttime temperature combined with the instantaneous error of the instrument, and it was not an abnormality of the pipeline.

对试压人员来说，每一次数据变化背后，都必须经过反复核验和现场确认。他们知道，线路试压，守住的不是一组数字，而是整条管线的安全。

For the pressure testing personnel, every change in the data must be carefully verified and confirmed on-site. They understand that during the pipeline pressure test, what they are guarding is not just a set of numbers, but the safety of the entire pipeline.

深夜旷野里守最终关卡

Guarding the final level in the desolate wilderness at night

试压现场，大多位于远离城镇的旷野区域。一顶帐篷、一辆皮卡车、一台设备，往往就是一个临时作业点。许多员工连续数月驻守野外，面对高温、蚊虫叮咬的恶劣环境已是常态。

The pressure testing sites are mostly located in remote wilderness areas far from towns. A tent, a pickup truck, and a piece of equipment often constitute a temporary work site. Many employees have been stationed in the wild for several months, and facing the harsh conditions of high temperatures and mosquito bites has become the norm.

5月6日凌晨3时许，东非已完全沉入夜色，在KP866试压值守点，压力曲线整体趋于平稳，但监测与研判工作仍在持续进行。夜间的东非旷野湿气较重，作业带在灯光下呈现出不规则起伏。试压人员蹲守在压力表前，反复核对数据；数公里外，巡线人员打着手电徒步检查，他们沿既定线路逐段核对状态，记录管沟回填情况、地表扰动迹象及可视化异常点位。

At around 3 a.m. on May 6th, East Africa was completely immersed in darkness. At the KP866 pressure test duty point, the pressure curve as a whole tended to stabilize, but the monitoring and analysis work was still ongoing. The East African wilderness at night was quite humid, and the operation area appeared with irregular undulations under the light. The pressure testers stood guard in front of the pressure gauge, repeatedly checking the data; several kilometers away, the line inspectors walked on foot with flashlights, they followed the predetermined route to check each section, recording the pipe trench backfill situation, surface disturbance signs and visual abnormal points.

在试压作业中，压力数据的判断以原图记录仪连续曲线为核心依据，现场巡检则作为重要的辅助验证手段，与数据分析、历史曲线比对共同构成综合研判体系。“巡线的意义不是‘找问题’，而是通过观察现场情况对数据判断进行补充确认。”杨旭向笔者介绍道。那一夜，经过多轮数据复核与现场辅助核查，最终确认管线整体处于正常稳压状态，未发现异常风险点。这样的夜晚，在2标段10区段85天试压攻坚里，早已不是第一次。

During the pressure test operation, the judgment of pressure data is based mainly on the continuous curves recorded by the original graph recorder. On-site inspection serves as an important auxiliary verification method, and together with data analysis and comparison with historical curves, they form a comprehensive judgment system. "The significance of on-site inspection is not 'finding problems', but rather supplementing and confirming the data judgment by observing the on-site situation," Yang Xu introduced to the author. That night, after multiple rounds of data rechecking and on-site auxiliary verification, it was finally confirmed that the pipeline was in a normal stable pressure state and no abnormal risk points were found. Such nights have occurred many times in the 85-day pressure test breakthrough of the 10th section of the 2nd segment.

正是经历了很多这样的夜晚，才保障了试压工作的精度和质量，使整条管道实现安全稳定运行。5月8日凌晨0时30分，随着最后一组压力数据稳定回落，2标段10区段KP854-KP868管段强力试压顺利完成。

It was precisely through experiencing many such nights that the accuracy and quality of the pressure test work were ensured, enabling the entire pipeline to operate safely and stably. At 0:30 a.m. on May 8th, as the last set of pressure data steadily dropped, the strong pressure test of the KP854-KP868 section of the 2nd segment was successfully completed.

对参建团队而言，85天试压攻坚虽然告一段落，但新的挑战仍在继续。

For the construction team, although the 85-day pressure test campaign has come to an end, new challenges still lie ahead.