今年年初，美国对委内瑞拉发起军事行动，强行控制委内瑞拉总统马杜罗。如今，美方又宣布获得对委内瑞拉部分石油的“多数控制权”。当地时间8月28日，美国总统特朗普宣布，美委两国达成协议，美国获得对委内瑞拉已探明石油储量中逾650亿桶的“多数控制权”。一天之后，委内瑞拉代总统罗德里格斯证实了这一消息。

At the beginning of this year, the United States launched a military operation against Venezuela and forcibly took control of Venezuelan President Maduro. Now, the US has announced that it has obtained "major control" over some of Venezuela's oil. On August 28th local time, US President Trump announced that the US and Venezuela had reached an agreement, and the US would obtain "major control" over over 65 billion barrels of Venezuela's proven oil reserves. One day later, Venezuelan Acting President Rodriguez confirmed this news.

罗德里格斯8月29日在国家电视台发表讲话称，协议涉及17个战略油田和8个新区块，目标是将委内瑞拉石油日产量提高至150万桶，预计吸引约1000亿美元投资。罗德里格斯同时强调，委内瑞拉仍保留对本国自然资源的所有权和主权。

Rodriguez delivered a speech on national television on August 29th, stating that the agreement covers 17 strategic oil fields and 8 new blocks. The goal is to increase Venezuela's daily oil production to 1.5 million barrels, and it is expected to attract approximately 100 billion US dollars in investment. Rodriguez also emphasized that Venezuela still retains ownership and sovereignty over its own natural resources.

相关专家认为，这笔被美方称为“世界历史上最大石油交易”的协议，真正落地仍面临很大不确定性。美国有线电视新闻网称，美国本土石油属于轻质低硫原油，适合生产汽油，但不适合生产重质燃料；相比之下，委内瑞拉石油属于重质高硫原油，更容易提炼成沥青、工业用油、柴油和航空煤油。此外，美委协议也有助于恢复美国的战略石油储备。

Experts involved in the matter believe that the agreement, which the US has labeled as "the largest oil deal in world history", still faces significant uncertainties in its actual implementation. CNN reported that the oil in the US is of light and low-sulfur quality, suitable for producing gasoline but not for heavy fuel production; in contrast, the oil from Venezuela is of heavy and high-sulfur quality, which is easier to be refined into asphalt, industrial oil, diesel and aviation kerosene. Moreover, the US-Venezuela agreement also helps to restore the US's strategic oil reserves.

美国《华尔街日报》8月29日引述知情人士的话称，面对一场不受欢迎且旷日持久、导致全球能源供应吃紧的对伊战事，美国政府还希望将这笔交易描绘成一种能让美国民众免受中东动荡局势影响的举措，从而赢得政治加分，为11月的中期选举造势。然而，委内瑞拉目前原油日产量仅为110万桶，与美国北达科他州相当。石油分析师表示，委内瑞拉恢复产能需要数年时间，不太可能迅速促成美国汽油价格下调。

On August 29, the Wall Street Journal of the United States quoted an insider as saying that in the face of an unpopular and protracted war against Iraq that has led to a global energy supply crunch, the US government also hopes to portray this deal as a measure that can protect American citizens from the turmoil in the Middle East, thereby gaining political points and boosting its campaign for the mid-term elections in November. However, Venezuela's current daily crude oil production is only 1.1 million barrels, equivalent to that of North Dakota in the United States. Oil analysts said that it would take several years for Venezuela to restore its production capacity and it is unlikely to quickly lead to a reduction in US gasoline prices.

中国社会科学院美国研究所研究员刘卫东指出，目前美委双方尚未公布协议具体细节。据美方官员透露，双方拟通过一家美委合资企业参与相关油田开发，美国将获得该企业55%的有效产出权益，包括相关股权以及以成本价购买石油的权利。这也被视为美方所谓“多数控制权”的主要体现。

Liu Weidong, a researcher at the Institute of American Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that currently, the US and the EU have not disclosed the specific details of the agreement. According to US officials, both sides plan to participate in the development of the relevant oil fields through a joint venture between the US and the EU. The US will obtain 55% of the effective output rights of the enterprise, including related equity and the right to purchase oil at cost price. This is also regarded as the main manifestation of the US's so-called "major control rights".

委内瑞拉拥有全球最大的已探明石油储量，不过，美方所称的650亿桶仅约占委内瑞拉已探明石油储量的五分之一，其余大部分储量仍掌握在委内瑞拉手中。

Venezuela has the world's largest proven oil reserves. However, the 65 billion barrels claimed by the US only account for about one fifth of Venezuela's proven oil reserves. The majority of the remaining reserves still remain in the hands of Venezuela.

截至8月21日，美国的战略石油储备库存约为2.9亿桶，接近44年低点。美国前拜登政府与特朗普政府都动用过这一储备，以应对俄乌冲突和美以伊冲突等造成的全球石油供应中断问题。

As of August 21st, the strategic petroleum reserve inventory of the United States was approximately 290 million barrels, approaching a 44-year low. Both the previous Biden administration and the Trump administration of the United States have utilized this reserve to address global oil supply disruptions caused by conflicts such as the one between Russia and Ukraine and the one between the United States and Iran.

《华尔街日报》8月31日则报道称，罗德里格斯已将这些油田的100年租约授予一家私营公司；该公司是美国政府与委内瑞拉一家私营运营商的合资项目。该实体将成为仅次于沙特阿美的全球第二大拥有已探明储备的企业。

The Wall Street Journal reported on August 31 that Rodriguez had granted a 100-year lease for these oil fields to a private company; this company is a joint venture between the US government and a private operator from Venezuela. This entity will become the second-largest company in the world with proven reserves, after Saudi Aramco.

值得关注的是，美国媒体日前报道称，委内瑞拉正在考虑退出石油输出国组织(欧佩克)。刘卫东指出，如果未来美国对委内瑞拉石油产量拥有越来越大的发言权，美委作为西半球两个重要能源生产国，可能进一步增强对地区能源市场的影响力，并对欧佩克形成一定牵制。美国此举的一个重要目的，就是扩大其在国际石油市场上的话语权。

It is worth noting that recently, US media reported that Venezuela is considering withdrawing from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Liu Weidong pointed out that if in the future the United States gains more and more influence over Venezuela's oil production, the US-Venezuela alliance, as two important energy producers in the Western Hemisphere, may further enhance their influence on the regional energy market and exert certain restraint on OPEC. One of the important purposes of this move by the United States is to expand its influence in the international oil market.

刘卫东认为，这份协议首先面临的是法律层面的不确定性。根据委内瑞拉宪法，国家保留对石油产业的控制权。委内瑞拉新修订的石油法允许通过合资、生产分成等方式参与油田开发，但并未明确允许长期租赁油田。美国企业以长期租赁方式运营委内瑞拉油田此前也缺乏先例，因此协议存在一定法律风险。未来一旦相关司法机构提出质疑，协议甚至可能判决违宪。

Liu Weidong believes that the first challenge this agreement faces is the legal uncertainty. According to the Venezuelan Constitution, the state retains control over the oil industry. The newly revised Venezuelan oil law allows for participation in oilfield development through joint ventures and production sharing, but does not explicitly permit long-term leasing of oilfields. There have been no precedents for American enterprises to operate Venezuelan oilfields through long-term leasing arrangements previously. Therefore, this agreement carries certain legal risks. In the future, if relevant judicial institutions raise objections, the agreement might even be ruled unconstitutional.

“美委协议在委内瑞拉国内外引发大量负面评价。”西班牙《国家报》8月29日称，有委内瑞拉舆论认为，该协议涉及“境外干预”问题。协议宣布后，在不少委内瑞拉人眼里，美国就是一个资源掠夺者。

"The US-Venezuela agreement has drawn a lot of negative comments both within and outside Venezuela," the Spanish newspaper El País reported on August 29. Some Venezuelan opinion leaders believe that the agreement involves the issue of "foreign interference". After the agreement was announced, in the eyes of many Venezuelans, the United States has become a resource plunderer.

有委内瑞拉人对美国彭博社表示，委内瑞拉实际上是在美国的威胁下被迫让渡石油权益。彭博社批评称，这是美国对另一个国家经济前所未有的干预，与美国企图扩大在西半球影响力的“唐罗主义”一脉相承。

A Venezuelan person told the US-based Bloomberg News Agency that Venezuela was actually forced to cede its oil rights under the threat of the United States. Bloomberg criticized this as unprecedented US intervention in another country's economy, and it is consistent with the "Tonro Doctrine" that the US attempts to expand its influence in the Western Hemisphere.

值得一提的是，8月30日，遭美国强行控制的马杜罗的社媒平台X账号发布监狱照，配文称这是“一份爱与希望的小礼物，将这些照片送给我所有的孙子孙女，送给所有男孩女孩，也送给所有爱我们的善良的人们”。今年1月3日，美军对委内瑞拉发起大规模军事行动，强行控制马杜罗夫妇并把他们带到美国。1月5日，马杜罗夫妇在纽约南区联邦地区法院首次出庭，拒绝美方所谓“犯罪”指控。遭美方关押以来，马杜罗与律师定期联络，不时通过社媒发布消息。

It is worth noting that on August 30th, the social media account X of Maduro, which was forcibly controlled by the United States, released prison photos, with the caption stating, "This is a small gift of love and hope. These photos are sent to all my grandchildren and granddaughters, to all boys and girls, and to all kind people who love us." On January 3rd this year, the US launched a large-scale military operation in Venezuela, forcibly controlling the Maduro couple and taking them to the United States. On January 5th, the Maduro couple appeared in court for the first time in the Southern District Federal District Court of New York and refused the US's so-called "criminal" accusations. Since being detained by the US, Maduro has kept in regular contact with his lawyer and occasionally posted news through social media.