近年来，在能源转型加速的背景下，与“双碳”相关的话题一直是全国两会上代表委员们关注和热议的焦点。要实现“双碳”目标，关键在于推动能源低碳、安全、高效利用。作为清洁低碳的化石能源，天然气如何进一步释放价值，在新型能源体系建设中发挥更大作用，并惠及更多群众？本报邀请全国人大代表，煤层气公司总经理、党委副书记刘洪涛，全国人大代表、西南油气田油气田开发首席专家文绍牧对此展开讨论。

In recent years, against the backdrop of accelerating energy transition, topics related to "carbon neutrality" have always been the focus of attention and heated discussion among representatives and committee members at the National People's Congress. To achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality", the key lies in promoting the low-carbon, safe and efficient utilization of energy. As a clean and low-carbon fossil energy, how can natural gas further realize its value and play a greater role in the construction of new energy systems, benefiting more people? This report invited Liu Hongtao, a national representative and the general manager and deputy secretary of the Party committee of the coal seam gas company, as well as Wen Shaomu, a national representative and the chief expert for oil and gas field development of the Southwest Oil and Gas Field, to have this discussion.

　　●在以安全高效、绿色低碳、智慧协同为特点的新型能源体系中，天然气扮演的角色越来越重要

　　●要紧扣国家能源改革导向，以畅通红利传导、筑牢民生底线为核心，推进天然气价格市场化改革

　　●生物天然气在能源清洁低碳发展、赋能农业价值提升和农村居民美好生活领域具备较大潜力

In the new energy system characterized by safety, efficiency, greenness, low-carbon emissions, and intelligent collaboration, the role of natural gas is becoming increasingly important.

We should closely align with the national energy reform direction, with the aim of facilitating the transmission of benefits and establishing a solid foundation for people's livelihoods, and promote the market-oriented reform of natural gas prices.

Biogas can play a significant role in the clean and low-carbon development of energy, in enhancing the value of agriculture, and in improving the quality of life for rural residents.

　　记者：在新型能源体系建设中，天然气如何进一步发挥好“稳定器”与“桥梁”作用？

Reporter: In the construction of the new energy system, how can natural gas further play its role as a "stabilizer" and a "bridge"?

　　刘洪涛：在新型能源体系建设中，天然气作为清洁低碳的化石能源，是衔接传统能源与新能源的关键纽带，其“稳定器”和“桥梁”作用的发挥，需紧扣国家能源安全战略和“双碳”目标，依托资源开发、管网建设、多能互补等实践，筑牢供给根基、强化协同融合。一是夯实自主供应基础，筑牢能源保供“稳定器”。聚焦新兴产业，加快煤岩气等非常规天然气规模化开发，持续增加国内天然气探明储量和产量。通过提升自主供给能力，为能源体系平稳运行提供支撑。二是坚持绿色开发利用，放大低碳衔接价值。推动天然气全产业链绿色发展，降低开发和使用过程的碳排放，让天然气既作为传统能源绿色转型的载体，也成为新能源规模化发展的重要配套，真正成为新型能源体系建设中承上启下的关键桥梁。Liu Hongtao: In the construction of the new energy system, natural gas, as a clean and low-carbon fossil energy, serves as a crucial link connecting traditional energy and new energy. The realization of its "stabilizer" and "bridge" functions requires closely aligning with the national energy security strategy and the "dual carbon" goals. Relying on resource development, pipeline construction, and multi-energy complementarity, it is necessary to consolidate the supply foundation and enhance collaborative integration. First, we should strengthen the foundation for independent supply and build an "energy supply stabilizer". Focusing on emerging industries, accelerate the large-scale development of unconventional natural gas such as coal and shale gas, and continuously increase the proven reserves and production of domestic natural gas. By enhancing the ability of independent supply, we can provide support for the smooth operation of the energy system. Second, we should adhere to green development and utilization, maximizing the value of low-carbon connection. Promote the green development of the entire natural gas industry, reduce carbon emissions during development and use, and make natural gas not only a carrier for the green transformation of traditional energy but also an important supporting component for the large-scale development of new energy. Truly, it will become a key bridge in the construction of the new energy system.

　　文绍牧：在以安全高效、绿色低碳、智慧协同为特点的新型能源体系中，天然气扮演的角色越来越重要。从能源结构转型上看，新型能源体系以非化石能源为供应主体，“十五五”末非化石能源在能源消费总量中的比重将达到25%。但在这个过程中，化石能源仍需发挥兜底保障作用。天然气作为典型的清洁低碳化石能源，完美契合了新型能源体系对绿色低碳的要求。从体系稳定性上看，当前天然气“半壁江山”地位稳固提升，产运储销一体化布局完善，无论是应对季节性用能高峰，还是突发情况下的应急调峰，天然气都具备强大的调峰调节能力，可以助力新型能源体系更具韧性。Wen Shaomu: In the new energy system characterized by safety, efficiency, greenness, low-carbon emissions, and intelligent collaboration, the role of natural gas is becoming increasingly important. From the perspective of energy structure transformation, the new energy system is mainly supplied by non-fossil energy. By the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the proportion of non-fossil energy in the total energy consumption will reach 25%. However, during this process, fossil energy still needs to play a supporting role. Natural gas, as a typical clean and low-carbon fossil energy, perfectly meets the green and low-carbon requirements of the new energy system. From the perspective of system stability, the current position of natural gas as the "half of the market" has been steadily strengthened, and the integrated layout of production, transportation, storage and sales is complete. Whether it is to cope with seasonal energy peaks or emergency peak shaving in case of emergencies, natural gas has strong peak regulation capabilities and can help the new energy system become more resilient.

　　记者：应如何通过推进天然气领域的改革发展，形成更大范围的清洁用能新风尚？Reporter: How can we promote the reform and development in the natural gas sector in order to foster a new trend of clean energy usage on a larger scale?

　　刘洪涛：要紧扣国家能源改革导向，以畅通红利传导、筑牢民生底线为核心，推进天然气价格市场化改革。首先应深化上游门站价格改革，同时加强管网、LNG接收站等基础设施成本监管，让改革红利顺畅传导至终端。其次，应优化居民阶梯气价制度，各地结合实际，科学划定气量档次，强化价格调节作用，减少交叉补贴，减轻上游保供负担；健全价格应急预案，设置价格上下限、临时补贴，守住民生用能底线。要以市场化价格信号凸显天然气清洁价值，引导居民节约用能、企业优先选用清洁气源，推动形成全社会清洁用能的新风尚。Liu Hongtao: We should closely align with the national energy reform direction, focusing on facilitating the transmission of benefits and establishing a solid foundation for people's livelihood. We should promote the marketization reform of natural gas prices. Firstly, we should deepen the reform of upstream gate station prices, and at the same time strengthen the cost supervision of infrastructure such as pipelines and LNG receiving stations, so that the reform benefits can smoothly flow to the end-users. Secondly, we should optimize the residential tiered gas pricing system. Each region should, based on its actual situation, scientifically define the gas volume grades, strengthen the price regulatory role, reduce cross-subsidies, and alleviate the burden on upstream supply guarantee. We should also establish a price emergency plan, set upper and lower price limits and temporary subsidies, and ensure the bottom line for people's energy use. We should highlight the clean value of natural gas through market-based price signals, guide residents to save energy, and enterprises to preferentially use clean gas sources, so as to promote the formation of a new trend of clean energy use throughout society.

　　文绍牧：我国页岩气呈现快速发展的良好态势，为提高国家能源安全保障能力提供了重要支撑。深层页岩气是未来天然气增储上产的主力军，其规模开发直接关系着国内天然气产量。目前，深层页岩气受制于资源禀赋、钻井和压裂等关键环节技术，开发难度大、成本高，难以将资源规模优势转化为产业发展优势，急需从国家层面给予更大力度的财税政策支持，特别是针对深层页岩气设立专项财政补贴，从而促进深层页岩气实现大规模效益开发，以进一步减少碳排放，释放更加显著的社会效益与环保效益。Wen Shaomu: China's shale gas is experiencing a rapid development trend, providing important support for enhancing the country's energy security capabilities. Deep shale gas is the main force for increasing natural gas reserves and production in the future, and its large-scale development directly affects domestic natural gas production. Currently, deep shale gas is constrained by resource endowment, drilling and fracturing technologies at key links, and the development is difficult and costly. It is hard to convert the scale advantage of resources into the advantages of industrial development. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to provide more significant fiscal and tax policy support at the national level, especially setting up special fiscal subsidies for deep shale gas, so as to promote the large-scale efficient development of deep shale gas, thereby further reducing carbon emissions and releasing more significant social and environmental benefits.

　　记者：天然气在助力乡村绿色发展方面，还有哪些潜力可挖？Reporter: What other potential does natural gas have in helping rural areas achieve green development?

　　刘洪涛：天然气向乡村地区的推广，必将推动当地能源结构的优化升级，为实现生态宜居与生活富裕的双重目标提供有力支撑。天然气勘探开发过程也要与助力乡村绿色发展相结合。例如，在修建通往井场的道路时，要通过共建共用“气田路”与“乡村路”，有效改善偏远山村的交通条件。在煤岩气开发中，要根据农忙和施工安排，错峰调整用于煤岩气压裂施工的供水管线，既保证压裂用水，又用于乡村农业灌溉，并利用供水管线免费为村民运输灌溉用水。同时，要通过积极帮扶工区所在乡村，支持当地建立绿色农业品牌，提升农产品加工能力，为工区所在乡村注入发展动能。Liu Hongtao: The promotion of natural gas to rural areas will undoubtedly facilitate the optimization and upgrading of the local energy structure, providing strong support for achieving the dual goals of ecological livability and prosperous life. The process of natural gas exploration and development should also be combined with facilitating the green development of rural areas. For instance, when building roads leading to the well sites, by jointly building and sharing "gas field roads" and "rural roads", the transportation conditions in remote mountain villages can be effectively improved. In coal and shale gas development, based on the agricultural busy season and construction arrangements, the water supply pipelines used for shale gas fracturing should be adjusted at different times, ensuring water supply for fracturing while also being used for rural agricultural irrigation. The water supply pipelines can also be used to transport irrigation water for villagers for free. At the same time, by actively assisting the rural areas where the work areas are located, supporting the establishment of green agricultural brands, and enhancing the processing capacity of agricultural products, the development momentum of the rural areas where the work areas are located can be injected.

　　文绍牧：生物天然气在助力能源清洁低碳发展、赋能农业价值提升和农村居民美好生活领域具备较大潜力。但面临并入现有天然气管网比例低、产品绿色价值难以兑现等问题，应从国家层面进一步完善生物天然气支持政策，推动产业发展。一是出台支持政策鼓励符合质量标准的生物天然气入网，并强化经济激励、优化配套服务。二是加快推动生物天然气绿色认证和绿证交易，统一标准体系，搭建线上一站式核证平台。三是进一步扩大生物天然气的碳交易规模，出台中国特色生物天然气配额制度，发挥创造刚性需求、激活绿色溢价、推动产业协同等作用。

Wen Shaomu: Biogas can play a significant role in promoting the clean and low-carbon development of energy, enhancing agricultural value, and improving the quality of life for rural residents. However, it faces issues such as a low proportion of integration into existing natural gas pipelines and difficulties in realizing the green value of its products. Therefore, at the national level, we should further improve the support policies for biogas to promote its development. First, introduce supportive policies to encourage the entry of biogas that meets quality standards into the natural gas pipeline network, and strengthen economic incentives and optimize supporting services. Second, accelerate the promotion of green certification and green certificate trading of biogas, unify the standard system, and build an online one-stop verification platform. Third, further expand the scale of carbon trading for biogas, introduce a unique Chinese biogas quota system, and leverage its role in creating rigid demand, activating green premiums, and promoting industrial collaboration.