作为破解开发难题、支撑产量提升、释放长远发展潜力的重要举措，辽河油田全面推进二氧化碳补能开发模式，实现投入产出比达1:1.25，成功为老油田稳产上产打开关键突破口。

As an important measure to solve development problems, support production growth and unleash long-term development potential, Liaohe Oilfield has fully implemented the carbon dioxide replenishment development model, achieving an input-output ratio of 1:1.25. This has successfully opened a key breakthrough for maintaining and increasing production in old oilfields.

千井注碳

Qianjing Carbon Injection

战略性系统性实施新补能工程

Strategically and systematically implement the new energy replenishment project

“多亏二氧化碳辅助吞吐补能，彻底盘活了这个濒临废弃的区块。”辽河油田金海采油厂采油作业一区副区长朱寰宇介绍。据悉，新海27块累计采取173井次二氧化碳补能措施后，区块含水率下降11.8个百分点，平均单井日增油1.6吨，产量实现大幅提高。

"Thanks to the assistance of carbon dioxide for pumping and replenishment, this area that was on the verge of being abandoned has been completely revitalized," said Zhu Huanyu, the deputy district director of the Oil Production Area 1 of Jinhai Oil Production Plant of Liaohe Oilfield. It is reported that after implementing 173 carbon dioxide replenishment measures in the Xinhai 27 block, the water content of the block decreased by 11.8 percentage points, the average daily oil production per well increased by 1.6 tons, and the output was significantly improved.

油气开发是一个以能量换能源的过程，有能量供给，才会有油气采出。长期以来，稀油注水、稠油注蒸汽一直是国内外油藏补能提采的主流技术路线。近年来，二氧化碳凭借降黏、膨胀原油、提升驱油效率等突出优势，逐渐成为稠油开发与盘活弱动用储量的重要辅助补能介质。

Oil and gas development is a process of exchanging energy for resources. Only when there is energy supply can oil and gas be extracted. For a long time, water injection for light oil and steam injection for heavy oil have been the mainstream technical routes for replenishing energy and increasing production in oil reservoirs both at home and abroad. In recent years, carbon dioxide, due to its prominent advantages such as reducing viscosity, expanding crude oil, and improving the efficiency of oil displacement, has gradually become an important auxiliary energy replenishment medium for the development of heavy oil and the revitalization of weakly utilized reserves.

辽河油田在二氧化碳补能领域具备先天优势。作为国内陆上最大的稠油生产基地，其稠油开发过程中会伴生大量二氧化碳。将这部分二氧化碳回收利用，既能实现油藏补能提采，又能达成降碳减排目标，实现经济效益与生态效益双赢。

Liaohe Oilfield has inherent advantages in the field of carbon dioxide replenishment. As the largest onshore heavy oil production base in China, during the development of heavy oil, it generates a large amount of carbon dioxide as a by-product. Recycling and reusing this portion of carbon dioxide can not only achieve reservoir replenishment and increased production, but also achieve the goals of carbon reduction and emission reduction, achieving a win-win situation of economic benefits and ecological benefits.

“辽河油田在二氧化碳辅助热采领域已有10余年技术积累，2025年更是实现里程碑式突破。”辽河油田开发事业部油藏管理科科长张雷表示。这一年，油田将注碳补能提升至战略高度，系统性推进千口二氧化碳吞吐补能工程，实施规模创历史新高。

Liaohe Oilfield has accumulated over 10 years of technical experience in carbon dioxide-assisted thermal recovery. In 2025, it will achieve a landmark breakthrough. "The development department's reservoir management section chief Zhang Lei of Liaohe Oilfield stated. This year, the oilfield has elevated carbon dioxide injection for energy replenishment to a strategic level, systematically promoting over a thousand carbon dioxide injection and energy replenishment projects, and achieving a scale that has reached an all-time high. "

通过深化油藏机理研究，辽河油田推动二氧化碳补能实现两大关键转型：从单井零散注采转向区域整体调控，从单一注气模式转向汽气剂多元复合补能，精准适配不同类型油藏的开发需求。

By deepening the research on reservoir mechanisms, Liaohe Oilfield has promoted the realization of two key transformations in carbon dioxide replenishment: from scattered single-well injection and production to regional overall regulation, and from a single gas injection mode to a multi-component gas and gas agent composite replenishment method, precisely adapting to the development needs of different types of reservoirs.

依托这一系列举措，辽河油田稠油开发的核心指标油汽比成功扭转下降态势，从上年同期的0.33提升至0.34，实现“用汽更少、产油更多”的高效开发。“别小看这0.01的提升，仅年节省注蒸汽量就达20万吨，直接节约成本4000多万元，这还没计入增油带来的额外效益。”张雷给记者算了一笔清晰的效益账。

Thanks to these measures, the core indicator of oil-to-gas ratio for the heavy oil development in Liaohe Oilfield successfully reversed the downward trend. It increased from 0.33 in the same period of the previous year to 0.34, achieving an efficient development where "less steam is used and more oil is produced". "Don't underestimate this 0.01 increase. Just the annual savings in steam injection volume amounts to 200,000 tons, directly saving over 40 million yuan in costs. And this doesn't even include the additional benefits brought by increased oil production." Zhang Lei calculated a clear benefit account for the reporter.

“未采先补”

"Preventive measures taken before the problem occurs"

“超前模式”让地层能量充分释放

"The advanced mode" enables the full release of subsurface energy.

去年12月，锦7块一口稠油新井采用“先注二氧化碳、再注蒸汽”的创新工艺后，日产油量较周边同批次未注碳直接注蒸汽投产的新井高出2.5吨。

Last December, after the Jin 7th new heavy oil well adopted the innovative technology of "first injecting carbon dioxide, then injecting steam", its daily oil production was 2.5 tons higher than that of the neighboring wells of the same batch that did not inject carbon dioxide but directly injected steam for production.

“油田开发中后期，地层能量亏空严重。若沿用‘先靠天然能量开发、后补能开采’的传统模式，不仅后期补能成本高，效果也难以保障。‘先补能后投产’模式能实现新井‘优生优育’，显著提升全生命周期产量。”辽河油田锦州采油厂地质研究所二级工程师刘然解释说。

In the later stages of oilfield development, the energy reserves in the strata are severely depleted. If the traditional model of "developing first with natural energy and then supplementing energy for extraction" is followed, not only will the cost of energy supplementation in the later stage be high, but the effect will also be difficult to guarantee. The "supplement energy first before production" model can ensure the "good birth and growth" of new wells, significantly increasing the total production throughout the entire life cycle." Liu Ran, a second-level engineer from the Geological Research Institute of Jinzhou Oil Production Plant of Liaohe Oilfield, explained.

二氧化碳补能绝非简单的“注碳驱油”。辽河油田的碳补能之路，是一场以四项核心技术突破为引领的多技术协同的绿色提采革命——集团协同补能、汽气剂复合补能、二氧化碳冷采补能、吞吐一次补能的全面突破，为老油田焕新注入强劲动力。

Carbon dioxide energy replenishment is by no means a simple "carbon injection for oil extraction". The carbon energy replenishment path of Liaohe Oilfield is a green extraction and production revolution led by the breakthrough of four core technologies - group collaborative replenishment, gas-liquid agent combined replenishment, carbon dioxide cold extraction replenishment, and one-time pumping replenishment. These comprehensive breakthroughs have injected strong impetus for rejuvenating old oilfields.

集团协同补能提升热效率。辽河油田打破二氧化碳单井补能模式，推出“打包套餐”——把气窜组合有关系的单井点沟通在一起，同注碳同补能，减少热损失。杜84块兴I组5口井，有很严重的气窜史，科研人员将它们“打包”，同时注二氧化碳，随后同时注蒸汽，减少了气窜部分热量损失，大幅提升了热效率。

Group collaboration enhances thermal efficiency through energy replenishment. Liahe Oilfield has broken away from the single-well carbon dioxide replenishment model and introduced a "package solution" - connecting the wells that are related through gas migration into a single unit for injection of carbon dioxide and energy replenishment, thereby reducing heat loss. For the 5 wells in the XingI formation of Block 84, there was a very severe history of gas migration. The researchers "bundled" these wells and injected carbon dioxide simultaneously. Subsequently, they injected steam simultaneously, which significantly reduced the heat loss from the gas migration part and greatly improved the thermal efficiency.

汽气剂复合模式让补能效果翻倍。辽河油田变单一注二氧化碳为注“蒸汽+二氧化碳+化学药剂”复合模式，首先注入调剖剂、降黏剂，封堵大的孔道，把原来形成的气窜通道进行短暂封堵，随后注二氧化碳、注蒸汽，直接作用于剩余油分布比较发育的区域，效果立竿见影。齐40块实施27井次，阶段增油2600余吨。

The gas-liquid agent composite mode doubles the energy replenishment effect. Liahe Oilfield changed the single injection of carbon dioxide to a "steam + carbon dioxide + chemical agent" composite mode. First, the conditioning agent and viscosity reducer were injected to seal large pores and temporarily block the previously formed gas migration channels. Then, carbon dioxide and steam were injected to directly act on the areas with relatively developed residual oil distribution, achieving immediate results. 27 injection operations were carried out in Qi40 block, resulting in an increase of over 2,600 tons of oil production in a stage.

首次实施二氧化碳冷采补能，拓宽实施边界。辽河油田打破常规二氧化碳辅助吞吐思维，创新实施二氧化碳冷采补能，即二氧化碳不再“打辅助”，而是作为主力补能介质单独补能。突破油藏适用性界限，在39个普通稠油、稀油区块开展吞吐冷采试验，实施320井次作业，年增油4.3万吨，成功激活储层连通差、注采井网不完善的弱动用储量，整体提高采收率1.5%。

The first implementation of carbon dioxide cold recovery energy supplementation has expanded the implementation scope. Liaodong Oilfield broke the conventional thinking of carbon dioxide-assisted pumping and innovatively implemented carbon dioxide cold recovery energy supplementation. That is, carbon dioxide no longer acts as an auxiliary medium but is used as the main energy supplementation medium alone. It broke through the boundaries of oil reservoir applicability and carried out pumping and cold recovery experiments in 39 ordinary heavy oil and light oil blocks. A total of 320 operations were carried out, increasing annual oil production by 43,000 tons, successfully activating weakly exploited reserves with poor reservoir connectivity and incomplete injection-production well networks, and overall increasing the recovery rate by 1.5%.

“未采先补”，吞吐一次补能“超前模式”让地层能量充分释放。压力是油藏开采的核心，低压到临界点，原油便无法继续采出。辽河油田建立初始补能概念，突破以往地层压力下降后再补能的观念局限，在新井打完尚未动用时，先注入二氧化碳补充能量，随后再开采。这种模式下，产能更加稳定，开采时间更长。辽河油田锦州采油厂实施该措施百余井次，阶段增油超8000吨。

"Preventive replenishment before extraction" - The "advanced mode" of replenishment once allows the full release of reservoir energy. Pressure is the core factor in oilfield extraction. When the pressure drops below the critical point, crude oil cannot be further extracted. The Liahe Oilfield established the concept of initial replenishment, breaking the previous limitation of replenishing energy only after the formation pressure drops. Before the new well is drilled and before it is put into production, carbon dioxide is injected to replenish energy, and then the extraction is carried out. Under this mode, the production capacity is more stable and the extraction time is longer. The Jinzhou Oil Production Plant of the Liahe Oilfield has implemented this measure over a hundred times, achieving a stage increase in oil production of more than 8,000 tons.

全链闭环

Full-chain closed loop

“碳循环”构建低碳开发新体系

"The carbon cycle" establishes a new system for low-carbon development

春季上产期，双229块碳循环注入站内一派忙碌景象：气液分离器、脱烃器、捕碳器、储罐等紧密衔接，6台活塞泵平稳运转，将地下采出的二氧化碳经过深度处理后，重新注入油藏循环利用。

During the spring production period, the double 229 carbon circulation injection station is bustling with activity: the gas-liquid separator, the desorber, the carbon capture device, the storage tanks, etc. are closely connected. Six piston pumps are running smoothly, and the underground extracted carbon dioxide is subjected to deep treatment before being reinjected into the oil reservoir for recycling.

二氧化碳高效补能，关键在于提升循环利用率。“注入油藏的二氧化碳发挥驱油作用后，会伴随原油开采排出一部分，直接流失十分可惜。”张雷坦言，“若能将这部分二氧化碳回收循环注入，无论是增油效果还是经济效益，都将实现质的飞跃。”

The key to efficient carbon dioxide replenishment lies in improving the utilization rate of the cycle. "After the carbon dioxide injected into the oil reservoir plays a role in oil displacement, a portion will be discharged along with the extraction of crude oil. This is a great waste." Zhang Lei admitted. "If we can recover and recycle this portion of carbon dioxide for re-injection, both the oil production effect and economic benefits will achieve a qualitative leap."

近年来，辽河油田持续攻关二氧化碳循环注入技术，双229循环注入站自投运以来，已稳定运行超800天，累计循环注入二氧化碳超15万吨。“建站过程中，我们攻克7项工程建设关键难题，完成上万个零部件的优化组合，最终满足循环注入的严苛要求。”该站站长王志朋介绍说。

In recent years, Liaohe Oilfield has been continuously researching and developing the technology of carbon dioxide circulation injection. Since the dual 229 circulation injection station was put into operation, it has been operating stably for over 800 days, and has cumulatively injected more than 150,000 tons of carbon dioxide. "During the station construction process, we overcame 7 key engineering construction difficulties, completed the optimization combination of tens of thousands of components, and ultimately met the strict requirements for circulation injection," said Wang Zhipeng, the station manager.

辽河油田构建了“集中建站+橇装回注”2条循环注入路线。针对生产井集中、日产气水平稳定的区块，建设二氧化碳循环注入站，通过“建站—分离产出气—除杂净化—重新液化—二次注入”的全流程闭环，实现规模化碳循环；针对生产井分布零散的区块及单井点，采用小型橇装化循环回注设备，实现二氧化碳就地回收、就近回注。

Liaodong Oilfield has established two circulation injection routes: "centralized station construction + skid-mounted back-injection". For blocks with concentrated production wells and stable daily gas output, carbon dioxide circulation injection stations are constructed. Through the full-process closed-loop of "station construction - separation of produced gas - purification and decontamination - re-liquefaction - secondary injection", large-scale carbon circulation is achieved. For blocks with scattered production wells and single well points, small skid-mounted circulation back-injection equipment is adopted to realize on-site carbon dioxide recovery and nearby back-injection.

“辽河油田是目前国内二氧化碳循环利用油藏埋藏最深、类型最丰富的油田，诸多技术难题国内尚无成熟的解决方案，必须依靠自主研发突破。”辽河油田采油工艺研究院CCUS-EOR项目室主任栾睿智表示。以双229循环注入站为例，其首个循环注入目的层——双229块沙一段埋藏深度超3500米，不仅渗透率低，且水敏性强，注入工艺需满足耐高温、耐高压的严苛要求，其中耐压指标需达到40兆帕，是国内其他油田平均水平的2倍。

"Liaohe Oilfield is currently the oilfield in China with the deepest and most diverse types of carbon dioxide recycling reservoirs. Many technical challenges have no mature solutions in China and must be overcome through independent research and development." Lu Lanzhi, the director of the CCUS-EOR Project Office at the Oil Production Technology Research Institute of Liaohe Oilfield, said. Taking the Double 229 Circulation Injection Station as an example, its first circulation injection target layer - the first sand layer of the Double 229 block - has a burial depth of over 3,500 meters. Not only is the permeability low, but it is also highly water-sensitive. The injection process must meet strict requirements such as high-temperature resistance and high-pressure resistance. The pressure resistance index needs to reach 40 megapascals, which is twice the average level of other oilfields in China.

面对挑战，科研人员系统评估各类油管性能，确定连续油管与气密封油管两种注入方案。经过8井次试验，最终，工艺耐压和耐温指标较计划分别提升75%和80%，达到国内领先水平。3年多来，辽河油田逐步攻克碳超临界注入与调控、碳受效关系解析、井筒防腐等一系列技术瓶颈，目前已建成投运的碳捕集装置年捕集能力达13.7万吨，循环注入装置年注入能力达21万吨。

In the face of challenges, the researchers systematically eva luated the performance of various types of tubing and determined two injection schemes: continuous tubing and gas-sealed tubing. After 8 rounds of experiments, the final process pressure resistance and temperature resistance indicators were respectively increased by 75% and 80% compared to the plan, reaching the domestic leading level. Over the past 3 years and a half, the Liaohe Oilfield has gradually overcome a series of technical bottlenecks such as carbon supercritical injection and regulation, carbon response relationship analysis, and wellbore anti-corrosion. Currently, the carbon capture device that has been built and put into operation has a annual capture capacity of 137,000 tons, and the circulating injection device has an annual injection capacity of 210,000 tons.

在攻克技术难题的同时，辽河油田还持续推进成本管控。“气密封系统的高成本，一定程度上限制了二氧化碳循环注入工艺的规模化推广。”栾睿智透露，“我们正在攻关高密封性气密封螺纹脂材料，目前已进入室内试验阶段。只要掌握核心技术自主权，成本下降指日可待。”

While overcoming technical challenges, Liaohe Oilfield has also been continuously improving cost control. "The high cost of the gas sealing system has to some extent limited the large-scale promotion of the carbon dioxide cyclic injection process," Lu Ruizhi disclosed. "We are currently working on developing high-sealing-performance gas sealing thread grease materials. We have now entered the indoor testing stage. As long as we gain the core technology autonomy, cost reduction is just a matter of time."